jorden chem unit 1

6 sections

Density, Sig Figs, FLM, SI Units, Scientific Method, General Knowledge

2.54 cm

1 in

2.20 lb

1 kg

1.057 qt

1 L

5280 ft

1 mile

1.0 g/mL

Density of water

1 dm^3

1 L = 1000 mL = 1000 cm^3

Pure Science

Chemists understanding the world

Applied Science

Application of scientific discoveries

3 branches of science

Life (biology), Earth, Physical Science (matter/energy)

Chinese

1, Yin and Yang

Greeks

2, Everything is made of water

Aristotle Greek

3, Air, Fire, Earth, and Water combine to make other stuff

Arabs

4, Alchemy (healing elixir); gold creation (Philosopher's Stone); apparatuses (pestle & crucible)

Robert Bacon

5, (English) rather than pure logic, experiment

Robert Boyle

6, (English) his book 'The Skeptical Chymist' leads to the creation of the scientific method

Antoine Lavoisier

7, (French) founder of modern chemistry who added observation and measurement

State the Problem

1, what are you trying to find out?

Gather Info

2, collect observations

Form a Hypothesis

3, Proposed solution, a tentative hypothesis (educated guess)

Perform Experiments to Test the Hypothesis

4, ...just do the experiment lol

Recording & Analyzing Data

5, usually written in table

State a Conclusion

6, Is there a pattern? Can you make a theory?

Scientific Theory

Explanation that tells you why it happens & changes with new data

Scientific Law

Observation that tells you what happens

Repeat

7, check to see if the data is correct

Parts of an Experiment

Independent variable, dependent variable, constant, control, etc.

Observation

Made using your senses

Quantitative Observations

Involve numbers

Qualitative Observations

Doesn't involve numbers

Inference

A conclusion

Chemistry

the science that investigates and explains the structure and properties of matter

Matter

Anything with mass and volume

Mass

Amount of matter

Weight

How heavy something is, depends on gravity

Bose-Einstein Condensate

almost absolute 0

Solid

particles vibrate, constant shape and volume

Liquid

particles have some forces, constant volume but not shape

Aqueous

Dissolved in water

Gas

particles moving haphazardly, changing volume and shape

Plasma

Charged/ionized gas

Neutron Star

Densest, almost black hole

Law of Conservation of Matter

Matter cannot be created nor destroyed, just changed/transformed

Egypt Measurement

Pyramids built using body dimensions such as digits (3/4 in) and cubits (17.5 in)

Roman Measurement

Built roads in paces and miles (1000 pace = 2000 steps = 1 mile)

Danes Measurement

Water depth with fathoms (2 yards)

English Measurement

Distance through king's body such as yard, inch, foot, acre, hand

Customary System

The system of measurement that the United States uses

meter, kilogram, second, Kelvin, mole, ampere

Base Units

Giga

10^9

Mega

10^6

Kilo

10^3

Deka

10^1

Deci

10^-1

Centi

10^-2

Milli

10^-3

Micro

10^-6

Nano

10^-9

Pico

10^-12

Accuracy

How close you are to the correct measurement

Percent Error

(your answer-real answer)/real answer x 100

Precision

How close your answers are to each other

Base Unit

a base quantity, ex. m/s

Derived Unit

derived from a base quantity, ex. m^3

Specific Gravity

Density of substance/density of water, used to see float/sink

More stuff he'll put on the test

Also practice flm, density, graphing, and si figs