BASC103A - Module 4 (Welfare & Productivity)

Genetics

- includes selective breeding effects - factor that influences animal welfare

Model of emotion

What is the name of the model shown?

Physical well-being, Mental well-being, Natural Living

Enumerate the 3 Main Views in the 3 Circle Model

Experience

- related to learning & memory - factor that influences animal welfare

Mental well-being

- animal’s emotion (happiness, stress, fearful, or in pain) & how they feel (3 Main Views in the 3 Circle Model)

Natural Living

- extent by which an animal lives & behaves as it would in the wild (3 Main Views in the 3 Circle Model)

Choice Preference Test

method that can reveal what an animal needs & wants by showing what an animal is willing to work for

1 - Freedom from hunger and thirst

This freedom is achieved by ready access to fresh water & a diet to maintain full health

Chickens

- Can exert self-control & emotional frustration - When in pain, chooses to eat food w/a more aversive food including analgesia; indicates mineral deficiency - Uses sun to navigate complex environments & has spatial memory of finding food as early as 2 weeks

4 - Freedom to express normal behavior

This freedom is achieved by providing sufficient space, proper facilities, & company of the animal’s own kind

Physiological State

- related to health, nutrition, hunger level, & reproductive status - factor that influences animal welfare

Point B

Which point refers to an optimal point of maximal welfare, where productivity & welfare have been simultaneously increased thru managed provision of food, shelter, disease prevention, & protection from predators

Freedom to undergo positive experience

- proposed 6th freedom in animal welfare - achieved by providing appropriate conditions to experience positive emotions such as content, pleasure, relaxation, & excitement

Physical well-being

- extent an animal’s biological process can move w/their environment specifically their physical health (3 Main Views in the 3 Circle Model)

Point E

Point where an animal has reached its physiological limit & animals cannot maintain fitness; & productivity crashes

Observable Behavioral Signals

method that reveals an animal’s emotional state; body languages manifested by the animal

Genetics, Experience, Physiological State, Psychological State

Enumerate the factors that influences animal welfare

Fear

- fear to novel or new stimuli/environment or separation from their social group - example of negative emotions

Pigs

- Uses vocal & olfactory (sense of smell) cues; runs everywhere & still recognizes the way back to home - Shows more play & exploratory behavior - Can identify faces & distinguish people even with similar clothes

Psychological State

- related to affective states/ emotions, sensory perceptions, & behavioral modification - factor that influences animal welfare

Pica

craving for unusual diet

5 - Freedom from fear and distress

This freedom is achieved by ensuring conditions & care which avoid mental suffering

X-axis

represents the perceived welfare for the animal benefit in the Conceptual Model in Welfare and Productivity

Cognitive Bias Test

method that can show whether an animal currently possess an optimistic (positive) or pessimistic (negative) emotion/mental state from a neutral scenario

Stress, pain, and frustration

- thru thwarting (prevents an animal to accomplish certain things) - naturally motivated behavior; or thru lack of predictability or control over environment - example of negative emotions

Boredom

- lack of environmental stimulation - example of negative emotions

Point D

Which is the point of minimal welfare; where productivity has been increased to a point of minimal welfare; severely compromised welfare

Pleasure and Satisfaction

- satisfying naturally motivated behavior such as feeding, playing, exploration, & social interaction - example of positive emotions

Appraisal Test

method that records an animal’s behavioral & physiological reactions towards a situation showing the type of emotions experienced

Sentient beings

intelligent animals capable of feeling emotions such as fear, pain, pleasure, & happiness

Point C

Which point attempts to increase productivity have reduced welfare; desired appropriate welfare (typically achieved point; reality)

Coprophagy

animal eats feces; craving for fecal matter

Conceptual Model in Welfare and Productivity

framework model that shows how animal welfare and productivity interact with one another

Cattle

- Values contact w/other animals - Can remember up to 50-70 other animals or cattle within the herd - Can distinguish different people using the people’s height & faces; looks at the body size & face - Shows excitement when they solve a problem such as opening a gate in a cattle farm & running

3 - Freedom from pain, injury, and disease

This freedom is achieved by prevention or rapid diagnosis & treatment of diseases

Y-axis

represents the livestock productivity or human benefit in the Conceptual Model in Welfare and Productivity

broken lines

represents the threshold for animal cruelty in the Conceptual Model in Welfare and Productivity

Point A

Which point refers to a reference point of an animal’s unmanaged state w/o human intervention; represents natural welfare

Sentience

important to welfare bc an animal’s level of awareness & cognitive abilities influence people’s attitude including people’s treatment to animals

2 - Freedom from discomfort

This freedom is achieved by providing appropriate environment (shelter) & comfortable resting area