Virology: Additional Viruses

HPV: characteristics

ds DNA virus, non-segmented non-enveloped humans targets epithelial cells

HPV: disease

acute or chronic infection warts: lack of immune response -clearance can occur with development of immune response cancer: cervical, penile, anal -viral proteins activate cell growth and suppress apoptosis

HPV: transmission

sex

HPV: vaccine

yes (for some strains) -against structural proteins from types of associated with cancer

HPV: treatment

drugs: yes (rarely used) cryotherapy/acid to remove warts

HPV: prevention

safe sex, vaccination

Coronaviruses: characteristics

+ss RNA virus, non-segmented -proof reading enzyme (doesn't evolve as fast as it could) -has really large genome enveloped

Coronaviruses: types

SARS, MERS, SARS-2 (COVID) -zoonotic

Coronaviruses: disease

acute infection common cold -along with rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, RSV -circulate in humans

Typical coronaviruses

restricted to upper respiratory tract replicate @ 33-35 C usually receptors other than ACE-2 generate poor memory immune responses no vaccine or drugs

Coronaviruses: variants?

yes- different mutations

Coronaviruses: SARS-2

can go systemic (ACE-2) memory immune responses? -can block some innate immune responses -cytokine storm

Coronaviruses: SARS-2 treatment

drugs: yes vaccine: yes -recombinant -RNA

Monkey Pox: characteristics

ds DNA virus, non-segmented enveloped

Monkey Pox: disease

acute infection pox: filled with virus

Monkey Pox: vaccine

yes (limited supply) many potential vaccines based on smallpox vaccine -evidence for cross immunity

Monkey Pox: drugs

none

Monkey Pox: prevention

vaccination, avoid infected individuals

Arboviruses: characteristics

humans are dead end host

Arboviruses: transmission

insects -replicates inside the insect vector

Arboviruses: treatment

no drugs limited vaccines -yellow fever

Zoonotic: characteristics

humans are dead end host

Zoonotic: rodents

Lassa, Hanta

Zoonotic: Ebola

unknown vector passive immunization vaccines?

Zoonotic: Various mammals

rabies- neurological infection

Zoonotic: Rabies

"universal" virus passive immunization vaccine (post exposure)

Diarrheal Viruses

rotavirus (vaccine), norovirus, norwalk virus, astrovirus

Prions

infectious protein -no nucleic acid -convert normal host protein -can't do anything about them

Prions: transmission

consumption