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LAB PRACTICAL 2: MUSCLES AND JOINTS

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location: back/shoulder origin: Spinous processes of vertebrae T6-12 insertion: Humerus action: Adducts, extends and internally rotates the arm
location: back/shoulder origin: occipital bone insertion: lateral one-third of the clavicle, acromion process, and spine of scapula action: Rotation, retraction, elevation, and depression of scapula
location: back/shoulder origin: infraspinous fossa of the scapula insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus action: External rotation of arm and stabilization of glenohumeral joint
location: back/shoulder origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula insertion: superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus action: abduction of arm and stabilizes humerus
location: back/shoulder origin: inferior angle of the scapula insertion: humerus action: adduct the humerus, Internal rotation (medial rotation) of the arm, extend the humerus from flexed position
location: back/shoulder origin: lateral border of the scapula insertion: head of humerus action: laterally rotates the arm, stabilizes humerus
location: back/shoulder origin: lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus action: shoulder abduction, flexion and extension of the arm
location: chest origin:Clavicular head, sternocostal head insertion: humerus action: adduction of arm, medial rotation of arm, flexion of arm, and extension of arm from flexed position
location: chest origin: ribs 3-5 insertion: coracoid process of scapula action: Stabilizes scapula and abduction of scapula
location: arm origin: Long head - infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula Medial and lateral head: shaft of humerus insertion: Olecranon of ulna action: extension of forearm and extension of arm (long head)
location: arm origin: Short head - Coracoid process of the scapula Long head - Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula insertion: Radial tuberosity of the radius and Deep fascia of forearm action: supination and flexion of forearm
location: arm origin: humerus insertion: tuberosity of ulna action: flexion of forearm
location: arm origin: lateral distal shaft of humerus insertion: styloid process of radius action: Forearm flexion
location: forearm origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna insertion: lateral mid-shaft of radius action: Pronation of forearm
location: forearm origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus insertion: Bases of metacarpal bones 2-3 action: wrist flexion and abduction of hand
location: forearm origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus insertion: palmar aponeurosis action: weak Wrist flexion
location: forearm origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon and posterior border of ulna insertion: Pisiform bone, hamate bone, base of metacarpal bone 5 action: adduction of hand and flexion of wrist
location: forearm origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, radius insertion: middle phalanges of digits 2-5 action: Finger flexion 2-5
location: forearm origin: ulna and lateral epicondyle of humerus insertion: radius action: supination of forearm
location: forearm origin: radius (anterior mid shaft), ulna (coronoid process), and interosseous insertion: distal phalanx of thumb action: flexion of thumb
location: forearm origin: ulna and interosseous membrane insertion: distal phalanges of fingers 2-5 action: flexion of fingers 2-5
location: forearm origin: ulna insertion: radius action: Forearm pronation
location: forearm origin: humerus insertion: base of metacarpal bone 2 action: wrist extension and abduction of hand
location: forearm origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon) insertion: base of metacarpal bone 3 action: wrist extension and abduction of hand
location: forearm origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon) insertion: Extensor expansion of digit 5, middle and distal phalanx of little finger action: extension of pinky finger
location: forearm origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior shaft of ulna insertion: Base of metacarpal bone 5 action: wrist extension and hand adduction
location: forearm origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus insertion: Lateral surface of olecranon action: Assists in forearm extension at the elbow joint; Stabilization of elbow joint
location: hand- palm origin: Palmar aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum insertion: Dermis of skin of hypothenar region action: Tightens palmar aponeurosis, tightens grip
location: palm of hand origin: Ulnar side of metacarpal bone 2, Radial side of metacarpal bones 4 and 5 insertion: 1: Ulnar base of proximal phalanx/extensor expansion of digit 2 2 & 3: Radial base of proximal phalanges/extensor expansions of digits 4 and 5 action: Finger adduction, Finger flexion; Finger extension
location: palm origin: Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus muscle insertion: Extensor expansion of hand action: Metacarpophalangeal joints 2-5: Finger flexion Interphalangeal joints 2-5: Finger extension
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location: thumb origin: Palmar base of metacarpal bone 3, Capitate bone, palmar bases of metacarpal bones 2 & 3 insertion: Medial base of proximal phalanx 1 (via ulnar sesamoid bone) action: Thumb adduction
location: thumb origin: Flexor retinaculum, tubercle of trapezium bone, Trapezoid and capitate bones insertion: Lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx 1 (via radial sesamoid bone) action: Thumb flexion
location: thumb origin: Tubercle of trapezium bone, flexor retinaculum insertion: Radial border of metacarpal bone 1 action: Carpometacarpal joint 1: Thumb opposition
location: thumb origin: Tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium bones, Flexor retinaculum insertion: Lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx 1 (via radial sesamoid bone) action: Thumb abduction
digit 5, also called minimi
location: pinky origin: Pisiform bone (Pisohamate ligament, Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris) insertion: Ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx of digit 5, Extensor expansion of digit 5 action: Finger abduction and flexion; Finger extension
location: pinky origin: Hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of digit 5 action: Metacarpophalangeal joint 5: Finger flexion (+ finger lateral rotation/opposition)
location: pinky origin: Hook of hamate bone, flexor retinaculum insertion: Ulnar aspect of metacarpal bone 5 action: Carpometacarpal joint 5: Finger flexion, finger lateral rotation/opposition
location: butt origin: sacrum and coccyx, gluteal surface of ilium (behind posterior gluteal line), thoracolumbar fascia, Sacrotuberous ligament insertion: Iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur action: Thigh extension, thigh external rotation, thigh abduction (superior part), thigh adduction (inferior part)
location: butt origin: Gluteal surface of ilium (between anterior and posterior gluteal lines) insertion: greater trochanter of femur action: Thigh abduction, thigh internal rotation (anterior part); Pelvis stabilization
location: butt origin: Gluteal surface of ilium (between anterior and inferior gluteal lines) insertion: Anterior aspect of greater trochanter of femur action: Hip joint: Thigh abduction, thigh internal rotation (anterior part); Pelvis stabilization
location: anterior thigh origin: Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) insertion: Proximal end of tibia below medial condyle (via pes anserinus) action: Hip joint: thigh flexion, thigh abduction, thigh external rotation Knee joint: leg flexion, leg internal rotation
Location: anterior thigh Origin: ilium (upper part of pelvis) and femur Insertion: base of patella via quadriceps tendon Action: knee joint- leg extension
location: anterior thigh origin: anterior surface of femoral shaft insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament action: knee joint leg extension
location: anterior thigh origin: greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, and linea aspera of the femur insertion: patella by the quadriceps tendon and tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligament action: extends and stabilizes the knee
location: anterior thigh origin: medial side of femur insertion: quadriceps tendon action: extends knee
location: anterior thigh origin: anterolateral femur insertion: quadriceps tendon action: extension of knee joint
location: medial thigh origin: pubic body just below pubic crest insertion: middle third of linea aspera action: adduction of hip and flexion of hip joint
location: medial thigh origin: anterior surface of the interior ramus and body of the pubis insertion: lesser trochanter and linea aspera of the femur action: adduction of the hip
location: medial thigh origin: pubis, tuberosity of the ischium insertion: linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur action: adduction of hip, flexion of adductor hip portion, and extension of hamstring hip portion
location: medial thigh origin: anterior body of pubis, inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus insertion: medial surface of proximal tibia action: thigh flexion, thigh adduction by hip joint; leg flexion and leg internal rotation by knee joint
location: posterior thigh (hamstrings) origin: superolateral impression of ischial tuberosity insertion: medial condyle of tibia action: hip joint- thigh extension and internal rotation; knee joint- flexion and internal rotation of the leg; stabilizes pelvis
location: posterior thigh (hamstrings) origin: ischial tuberosity insertion: proximal end of tibia below medial condyle action: hip joint- thigh internal rotation
location: posterior thigh (hamstrings) origin: long head- ischial tuberosity short head- linea aspera insertion: lateral head of fibula action: thigh extension and knee flexion
location: anterior leg origin: Lateral surface of tibia, interosseous membrane insertion: Medial cuneiform and the base of first metatarsal bone of the foot action: dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
location: anterior leg origin: Arises from the middle portion of the fibula on the anterior surface and the interosseous membrane insertion: Inserts on the dorsal side of the base of the distal phalanx of the big toe action: Extends (raises) the big toe and assists in dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle. Also is a weak evertor/ invertor
location: anterior leg origin: (Proximal half of) medial surface of fibula, lateral tibial condyle, interosseus membrane insertion: Distal and middle phalanges of digits 2-5 action: Metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints 2-5: Toe extension; Talocrural joint: Foot dorsiflexion; Subtalar joint: Foot eversion
location: posterior leg origin: proximal to articular surfaces of lateral condyle of femur and medial condyle of femur insertion: tendo calcaneus (Achilles tendon) into mid-posterior calcaneus action: plantar flexes foot, flexes knee
location: posterior leg origin: Soleal line, medial border of tibia, head of fibula, posterior border of fibula insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon) action: Talocrural joint: Foot plantar flexion
location: posterior leg origin: close to the middle of the calf insertion: fuses with gastrocnemius muscle proximally action: Plantar flexion of the foot, ankle joint stabilizer **thickest and strongest tendon in the body**
location: posterior leg origin: tibia and fibula insertion: navicular and medial cuneiform bone action: Inversion of the foot and plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle
location: posterior leg origin: Posterior surface of tibia (inferior to soleal line) insertion: Bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5 action: Metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints 2-5: toe flexion Talocrural joint: foot plantar flexion Subtalar joint: foot inversion
location: posterior leg origin: (Distal 2/3 of) Posterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane, posterior intermuscular septum of leg, fascia of tibialis posterior muscle insertion: Base of distal phalanx of great toe action: Metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joint 1: Toe flexion; Talocrural joint: Foot plantar flexion; Subtalar joint: Foot inversion
location: lateral leg origin: proximal part of lateral surface of shaft of fibula[1] and head of fibula insertion: first metatarsal, medial cuneiform action: plantarflexion, eversion, support arches
location: lateral leg origin: Distal 2/3 of the lateral surface of fibula, anterior inermuscular septum insertion: Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal bone action: Talocrural joint: Foot plantar flexion Subtalar joint: Foot eversion
location: foot origin: calcaneus insertion: middle phalanges of toe 2-5 action: flexion of the lateral four digits
location: foot origin: Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of great toe action: Metatarsophalangeal joint 1: Toe abduction, toe flexion; Support of longitudinal arch of foot
location: foot origin: Calcaneal tuberosity, plantar aponeurosis insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of digit 5, metatarsal bone 5 action: Metatarsophalangeal joint 5: Toe abduction, toe flexion; Supports longitudinal arch of foot
location: foot origin: Base of metatarsal bone 5, long plantar ligament insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of digit 5 action: Metatarsophalangeal joint 5: Toe flexion
location: foot origin: Tendon of tibialis posterior, medial cuneiform bone, lateral cuneiform bone, cuboid bone insertion: Lateral and medial aspects of base of proximal phalanx of great toe action: Metatarsophalangeal joint 1: Toe flexion; Support of longitudinal arch of foot
location: foot origin: Oblique head: bases of metatarsal bones 2-4, cuboid bone, lateral cuneiform bone, tendon of fibularis longus Transverse head: plantar metatarsophalangeal ligaments of toes 3-5, deep transverse metatarsal ligaments of toes 3-5 insertion: Lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe action: Metatarsophalangeal joint 1: Toe adduction, toe flexion; Support of longitudinal and transverse arches of foot
purple- vastus lateralis black- biceps femoris
orange- semitendinosus white- semimembranosus
blue- rectus femoris black- vastus lateralis purple- vastus medialis
orange- semitendinosus pink- soleus red- gastrocnemius
white- supraspinatus pink- infraspinatus light blue- lats dorsi yellow- trapezius dark blue- teres major orange- teres minor green- triceps brachii
green- triceps brachii red- biceps brachii light blue- latissimus dorsi dark blue- teres major orange- teres minor pink- infraspinatus white- supraspinatus yellow- trapezius
- sprain injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), medial meniscus, and tibial collateral ligament - symptoms: popping or tearing sound at the time of injury, extreme pain immediately after collision, rapid swelling, difficulty moving knee, and instability - a person suffering from will be unable to walk and will be required to get surgery
- degenerative irritation/small tears of the plantar fascia origin at the medial calcaneal tuberosity of the heel as well as the surrounding perifascial structures - symptoms: pain on the bottom of foot near the heel - someone might be unable to walk due to the pain
- a painful disorder caused by compression of the median nerve that runs from the forearm into the palm of the hand - symptoms: numbness, tingling, burning, and pain primarily in the thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers. weakness in hand and arm as well. - can lead to lack of coordination in your fingers and thumbs which will prevent you from doing many things like typing or brushing your teeth.
- pain along the shin bone (tibia) - symptoms: tenderness, soreness, or pain along the inner side of your shinbone and mild swelling in your lower leg - a person might not be able to exercise as much or as intensely
- group of muscles and tendons that keep the shoulder joint stable; Four muscles make up the rotator cuff: the subscapularis, teres minor, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus. - symptoms of a tear: dull ache deep in the shoulder, sleep disturbance, difficulty brushing hair and reaching behind your back, and arm weakness - a person suffering from a tear might be unable to brush their hair or sleep
- valgus extension overload; valgus force can wear out cartilage in your olecranon bone and cause the bone to twist and push into the humerus bone - symptoms: pain and swelling - a person may be unable to pitch the way they always did- need to change pitching motion
- The exact tendon most commonly involved in tennis elbow connects to a muscle called the extensor carpi radialis brevis. This muscle becomes overused with repetitive arm and wrist movements; painful condition that occurs when tendons in your elbow are overloaded usually by repetitive motions of the wrist and arm - symptoms: burning or pain on outer elbow and may travel to wrist, pain when twisting or bending arm, stiffness or pain when extending arm, swollen elbow joint thats tender to touch - a person may not be able to pushups, paint, cutting up cooking ingredients, or use plumbing tools
- achilles tears involving the musculotendinous junction and the medial head of the gastrocnemius of the dominant leg - symptoms: severe and excruciating pain, immediate bruising, a "crunchy" sound or feeling, reduced range of motion, severe weakness, inability to bear weight - a person may not be able to stand on toes on the injured leg, bend their foot downward or "push off" the injured leg when walking