EXAM 2 American national government

Constituency

the citizens who reside in the districts from which an official is elected

Agency Representation

the type of representation according to which representatives are held accountable to there constitutes if they fail to represent them properly that is constitutes have the power to hire and fire representatives

delegates

legislatures who vote according to the preferences of there constitutes

trustees

legislatives who vote according to what they think is best for there constitutes

congressional districts

the area that a member of the house represents

incumbent

the official who holds an office

congressional leadership

leaders of the house and senate

caucuses

meetings where political parties chose there candidates

standing committee

a permanent committee

How a Bill Becomes A Law

1. written 2. discussed in committee and voted on 3. Discussed in the house of representatives and senate and voted on in both 4. President signs it or vetos it

Closed rule

the provision by the house rules committee the restricts the introduction of amendments during debate

open rule

the provision by the house committee that permits floor debate and the additional of amendments to a bill

Fillabuster

a tactic where member of the senate takes the floor and prevents action on legislation by speaking till majority abandons the legislation

cloture

a procedure by which 3/5 of the members of the senate can set a time limit on debate over a given bill

roll call vote

voting in which each legislation yes or no vote recorded

logrolling

agreement among members of congress to vote for one or another bill

whips

learn there parts intentions on specific bills and also convey the leadership views and plans to members

party vote

a roll call vote in the house or senate in which at least 50% of the members of the party take on a particular position and are opposed by at least 50% of the members of another party

expressed powers

powers that constitution explicitly grants to the federal government

delegated powers

constitutional powers that are assigned to one branch the government but exercised by another branch with the permission of the first

inherent powers

claimed powers of the president that are not expressed in the constitution but are said to be stern from the rights duties and obligations of the presidency

commander in chief

the officer ( president) who holds the supreme command usually over militia

executive agreement

an agreement between the president and another country that has the force of a treaty but does not require the senators advice and concerns

executive privilege

the claim that confidential communications between a president and close advisors should not be revealed without the presidents concerns

veto

the presidents constitutional power to reject acts of congress

pocket veto

indirect veto of legislation by refusing to sign it

line-item veto

the power of the president to veto specific provisions of a bill passed by the legislature

legislative initiatives

the presidents inherent power to bring the policy agenda before congress

executive order

a rule or regulation issued by a president that has the effect of law

cabinet

the heads of the major departments of the federal government

executive office of the president

the percent agencies that preform defined management tasks of the president

signing statement

an announcement made by the president when signing a bill into law sometimes presenting the presidents interpretation of law as well as remarks predicting the benefits it will bring to the nation

bureaucracy

the complex structure of office tasks rule and principal of organization that large institutions use to coordinate the work of their personal

implementation

the development of rules regulations bureaucratic procedures to translate laws into action

rule making

a quasi-legislative administrative process that produces regulators by government agencies

administrative adjudication

the application of rules and prejudices to specific cases to settle disputes with regulated parties

clientele agency

a department of government whose mission is to promote serve or represent a particular interest

regulatory agency

a governmental agency that regulates businesses in the public interest

welfare agency

redistributive money to the people

administrative legislative

rules made by regulatory agencies that have the force of law

fiscal policy

a government policy for dealing with the budget

monetary policy

regulation of the economy through manipulation of the supply of money the price of money and availability of credit

bureaucratic draft

bureaucratic tendency to implement laws that go towards towards there policy preferences and possibly against the intentions the elected officials

deregulation

reducing number of rules issued by federal regulatory agencies

devolution

delegating a program or passing it down from one level of government to lower level

privatization

the act of moving all or part of the program from the public sector to private sector