Chapter 6 Study Guide!!

Where does an autotroph get it's sugar from

It can create its own sugar through photosynthesis

Where does a heterotroph get its sugar from

Its environment

Give examples of heterotroph/autotroph organisms

A: plants, some bacteria, some protists (moss, algae) H: animals, most bacteria, some protists, fungi (mold, mushrooms)

Whats the overall purpose of photosynthesis

To make sugar

Whats the overall purpose of LR

to use water and light to make NADPH and ATP

Whats the overall purpose of CC

to use NADPH and ATP and C02 and enzymes to make glucose

In which organelle does photosynthesis take place

chloroplast

Where does LR take place in chloroplast

membrane of thylakoid

Where does CC take place in chloroplast

stroma

What can stroma be compared to in the cell

cytosol

Whats the equation for photosynthesis

6CO2+6H20+light=C6H12O6 (sugar) +6O2 ..(carbon dioxide + water + light = sugar + oxygen)

What inputs/outputs are part of LR

inputs: light and water outputs: oxygen

What inputs/outputs are part of CC

Inputs: CO2 (comes from outside) Outputs: sugar

What does LR make

ATP and NADPH

Whats the function of pigment

to absorb light

Where are chloroplast pigments found

membrane of chloroplast

Which pigment is most abundant

chlorophyll (green)

What are the less abundant pigments called

accessory colors/pigment

What are the names of the accessory pigments and the specific colors they reflect

anthocyanins=reds/purps carotenoids=oranges/yellows

Why do leaves change color and die

Fall has a decrease in sun exposure and temps so chlorophyll production decreases. Plant would have to work and use extra energy to keep the leaves alive but the leaves can't produce the sugar/energy needed to give back so it's more 'cost-effective' to kill off the leaves. The plant reabsorbs chlorophyll first, exposing accessory pigments then they get absorbed eventually and the leaf dies

Definition of photosystem

cluster of chlorophyll molecules in thylakoid membraned

Definition of Primary Electron Acceptor (PEA)

special chlorophyll molecule that accepts excited electrons in photosystem (PSI/PSII)

Definition of Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

series of proteins that pass electrons from one protein to the next, usually used to create ATP

Definition of ATP Synthase

Enzyme that makes ATP when rotated

Whats the purpose of water in LR

to give electrons, specifically the hydrogens

Whats the purpose of light in LR

to excite the electrons

Whats the purpose of CO2 in CC

to make sugar

Explain what happens in LR

1. Water is split and gives its electrons to chlorophyll of PS2 2. Sunlight excites electrons of PS2 and they bounce around until they hit PEA 3. Electrons are transferred by ETC to PS1 and this engergy pumps hydrogen ions into thylakoid and causes a concentration gradient. Hydrogen ions rush out through ATP Synthase and creates ATP 4. Sunlight excites electrons of PS1 and they bounce around until they reach PEA 5. Electrons are carried through another ETC and make NADPH 6. ATP and NADPH are off to Calvin Cycle

What is NADPH

an electron carrier

What happens to the rate of photosynthesis when you increase light

Rate increases with light intensity but there will come a point all the electrons are excited and rate of photosynthesis becomes constant

What happens to the rate of photosynthesis when you increase temp

Rate increases with temp because photosynthesis works best in heat however if temp gets too extreme, protein will unfold causing photosynthesis to stop

What happens to the rate of photosynthesis when you increase CO2 Concentration

Rate increases with CO2 concentration until stroma gets saturated with CO2 and rate of photosynthesis will become constant

Whats a granum

stack of thylakoid

Whats a thylakoid

membrane-bound, flattened compartment inside of a chloroplast

What is photosynthesis

process in which sunlight energy is transformed into sugar