Zu Clauses

ohne…zu

without…-ing

um…zu

in order to

anstatt…zu

instead of

first position

everything before the comma

second position (verb)

the word right after the comma

for “to +verb” sentences

when is zu used

when there is a modal verben next to it

when is zu NOT used

in between the two parts (an-zu-kommen

where does zu go in separable verbs