Nerves PP Study Questions

What are the 2 major categories of the nervous system?

The central and peripheral nervous systems

What system consists of the brain and spinal cord?

The CNS

Which system comprises all nerves that extend outward from the brain and spinal cord?

The PNS

Where do cranial nerves come out of and what do they serve?

Cranial nerves come out of the brain and serve the head and neck area

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

12

In how many directions fo neurons transmit a message?

1

What is a nerve?

A bundle of neurons

What are the 2 types of neurons?

Sensory and motor

Can nerves contain both sensory and motor neurons?

Yes

The brain and spinal cord are made up of _____ and ______.

Sensory and motor neurons

How does our bodies react to pain?

The pain is transmitted by a receptor that brings the message to the brain. The brain then interprets the pain and sends a motor message down the spinal cord which is then picked up by a peripheral nerve and sends it to the muscles that react to the pain

What chain are the brain and spinal cord part of?

The sensory chain

What are the 3 groups of the PNS?

Spinal nerves, cranial nerves and the autonomic nervous system

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

31 pairs: 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal

What are distributed by region from the neck to the toes?

The spinal nerves

How many cranial nerves?

12

What roman numeral is the trigeminal nerve?

V

What does the trigeminal nerve innervate?

Muscles of mastication, man and max teeth, tissues and mucosal membranes of the head and TMJ

The trigeminal nerve bramches sereve as a ________ for autonmoic fibers

Distribution network

What is located in the skull by the temporal bone and has 3 nerves coming out of it?

Trigeminal ganglion

What are the other names of the trigeminal ganglion?

Semilunar and Gasserian ganglion

What are the 3 main trigeminal branches?

The opthalmic, maxillary and mandibular nerve

Where does the opthalmic branch exit?

The superior orbital fissure

What does the opthalmic divison innervate?

The orbit and anterior scalp

What are the three branches of the opthalmic nerve?

The frontal nerve, the lacrimal nerve, and the nasociliary nerve

What does the lacrimal nerve serve?

The lacrimal gland and upper eyelid

What does the nasociliary nerve serve?

The ethmoid cells, sphenoid sinus, anterior nasal cavity, upper eyelid and eye

What does the frontal nerve serve?

The skin of the forehead, scalp and frontal sinus mucosa

What are the 4 branches of the maxillary divison of the trigemnal nerve?

Zygomatic, PSA, Infraorbital and Pterygopalatine ganglion

Where does the maxillary nerve enter?

The pterygopalatine fossa

Where does the maxillary nerve exit?

The foramen rotundum

What does the zygomatic nerve supply?

The skin over the cheeks and temple

What does the zygomatic help innervate?

The lacrimal gland; tears

Where does the PSA enter?

Maxillary tuberosity

What does the PSA innervate/supply?

The ROOTS of MAX molars. Only the DB and LINGUAL root of the 1st molar though, the buccal gingiva and part of the maxillary sinus

What is the terminal branch of the maxillary nerve?

The infraorbital

What are the 2 branches of the infraorbital?

The MSA and ASA

What percent of time is the MSA present?

30%

What does the MSA supply?

The MB root of the 1st premolar, premolar teeth and buccal gingiva

What does the MSA go thru?

maxillary sinus

What does the ASA supply?

The anterior maxillary teeth and labial gingiva

What does the ASA innervate?

The max ant teeth, gingiva and maxillary sinus

Why does the ASA get to the labial gingiva?

The alveolar bone is thin allowing some to pass thru and sneak out of the maxilla

Where does the infraorbital exit?

The infraorbital foramen under the eye

What does the infraorbital nerve innervate?

The mucosa of max lip, lower eye lid, sides of the nose and the maxillary facial gingiva

What ganglion is associated with the maxillary nerve?

The pterygopalatine ganglion

What are the 3 branches of the pterygopalatine ganglion?

descending palatine, sphenopalatine, and pharyngeal

What are the 2 branches of the descending palatine?

The greater and lesser palatine

What does the greater palatine innervate?

The hard palate, mucosa of the 2ndry palate, and palatal gingiva of the maxillary molar and premolars

What controls the secretion of minor salivary gland?

greater palatine

Where does the greater palatine enter?

Through the greater foramen

Where does the lesser palatine enter?

Through the lesser foramen

What does the lesser palatine innervate?

Soft palate

What does the sphenopalatine go thru?

The pterygopalatine foramen

What does the sphenopalatine innervate?

The nasal cavity

What is the branch of the sphenopalatine?

The nasopalatine

What does the nasopalatine serve?

Primary palate and lingual gingiva

What does the nasopalatine pass thru?

The incisive canal

What does the nasopalatine enter thru?

The incisive foramen

What brach is V3

Mandibular branch of trigeminal

What are the 2 divisions of the mandibular brach?

Anterior and posterior

Where does the mandibular branch exit?

The foramen ovale

What is a branch of the anterior divsion?

The long buccal nerve

What does the long buccal nerve serve?

The buccal gingiva of the mandibular molars up to the mental foramen

What is the buccal nerve a branch of?

The facial nerve (VII)

What does the anterior division innervate?

motor fibers to the muscles of mastication

What are the 4 branches of the posterior division of the mandibular nerve?

The auriculotemporal, lingual, inferior alveolar and mylohyoid

What are the 2 branches of the inferior alveolar nerve?

The mental and incisive

What does the auriculotemporal nerve supply sensory to?

The skin of the ear and temple

What does the lingual branch supply sensor to?

The anterior 2/3rds of the tongue and the floor of the mouth

What does the lingual nerve join with in order to taste?

The chorda tympani nerve

What do the chorda tympani and lingual nerve serve?

The tongue, floor of the mouth and lingual gingiva of mandibular teeth

Where does the inferior alveolar nerve first send a branch off too?

The mylohyoid

Then the inferior alveolar goes into the _________ and follows the _________to the ___________.

mandibular foramen, mandibular canal, mental foramen

Where does the mental nerve exit?

The mental foramen

What does the mental nerve supply?

The mucosa of the lip, labial gingiva in the ANT MAN area , skin of the chin and lower lip

What is the inferior alveolar that stays inside of the mandible?

The incisive branch

What does the incisive branch innervate?

Mandibular anterior teeth

What does the inferior alveolar supply?

ONLY the man posterior TEETH

What roman numeral is the facial nerve?

VII

What neurons do the facial nerve include?

sensory and motor

What is the facial nerve attached to?

The medulla

What are the functions of the facial nerve?

secretion, taste, general sensation and motor

What does the facial nerve trunk exit?

The stylomastoid foramen

Where does the facial nerve pass thru?

The parotid gland

What does the facial nerve innervate?

Muscles of facical expression

What fibers are associated w the facial nerve?

efferent, special sensation, preganglionic parasympathetic, and general sensation

Which fibers are for muscles of facial skeleton, stylohyoid and posterior belly of the digastric muscle?

efferent

What fibers are for taste and the anterior two-thirds of the tongue except for the vallate papillae?

special sensation

What fibers are for the lacrimal, submandibular, and sublingual glands?

Preganglionic

What fibers are for the skin of the ear?

The general sensation

What are the 2 important branches of the facial nerve before it exits the skull?

chorda tympani and greater petrosal

Which branch of the facial nerve travels through the middle ear and out of the skull to join with the lingual branch of V3?

chorda tympani

Together, what does the chorda tympani and lingual branch of V3 supply?

Taste to the ant 2/3 of the tongue

What does the chordatympani have fibers to?

The submandibular and sublingual glands

Which branch of the facial nerve carries parasympathetic innervation to the glands of the hard palate, nasal cavity and lacrimal gland?

The greater petrosal

What causes Bell's Palsy?

When one side of the facial nerve is not working

What roman numeral is the glossopharyngeal nerve?

IX

Where does the glossopharyngeal exit?

Through the jugular foramen

What fibers are associated with the glosspharyngeal nerve?

efferent, special sensory, preganglionic parasympathetic, and general sensory

What fibers are for the stylopharyngeus muscle?

efferent

What fibers are for the posteior 1/3 of the tongue?

special sensory

what fibers are for the parotid gland secretion?

preganglionic parasympathetic

What fibers are for the posterior one-third of tongue, pharynx, tonsillar region, common carotid artery?

General sensory

A small, scattered motor nucleus found in the medulla:

nucleus ambiguus

What is the 1 branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Lesser Petrosal Nerve

The lesser petrosal goes to the parotid gland and provides parasympathetic innervation to the __________.

Parotid gland

What roman numeral is the hypoglossal nerve?

XII

Where does the hypoglossal nerve exit?

hypoglossal canal in the occipital bone

What does the hypoglossal innervate?

infrahyoid muscles