Phase 1 Metabolites and Phase 2 Conjugations

Aromatic Hydroxylation Likely with EDG Possible with EWG

Alkene Epoxidation Likely

Alkene Reduction Possible

Benzylic Oxidation Likely

Allylic Hydroxylation Likely

Oxidation @ carbonyls/Imines Likely

Omega Oxidation Possible

N-Dealkylation Likely

Lactam Formation Likely

Deamination Likely

O-Dealkylation Likely

S-Dealkylation Likely

Thiols to Sulfides Likely Reverse is Possible

S-Oxidation Likely

Aldehyde Oxidation Likely

Dehydrohalogenation Likely

Ketone Reduction Likely

Aromatic Nitro Reduction POSSIBLE

Aromatic Azo Reduction POSSIBLE

Nitrile reaction Possible

Amide Hydrolysis Likely if no ester also present Possible if ester is present

Ester Hydrolysis Likely

N-Oxidation Possible

Desulfuration Possible

Glucuronic acid conjugation Likely with: Alcohols, phenols, enols, hydroxylamines, amines, aryl acids, alkyl acids, and thiols

Cofactor is UDPGA Enzyme is UDP-Glucuronyl transferase

Sulfate Conjugation Likely with Phenols and Alcohols Possible with aromatic amines

Cofactor: PAPS Enzyme: Sulfotransferase

Glycine/glutamine conjugation Likely with aromatic acids mostly, will also do normal acids

Cofactor: ATP and CoASH Enzyme: Glycine/glutamine N-acetyl transferase

Glutathione conjugation Possible due to low amounts of GSH with Halgoens and other reactive centers

Enzyme: Glutathione S-transferase Cofactor: GSH

Acetylation Likely with aromatic amines Possible with Alkyl amines

Cofactor: N-acetyl transferase Enzyme: Acetyl CoA

Methylation Possible for alkyl amines/alcohols, phenols, thiols, heterocyclic nitrogens

Cofactor: SAM Enzyme: COMT