Chapter 6 - Thermochemistry

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Natural gas

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Natural gas

________: Associated with petroleum deposits, consists mostly of methane, but it also contains significant amounts of ethane, propane, and butane.

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Hesss Law

Hints for using ________: Work backward from the required reaction, using the reactants and products to decide how to manipulate the other given reactions at your disposal.

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Endothermic

________: A reaction that absorbs energy from the surroundings.

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Syngas

________ can be used directly as a fuel and as a raw material to produce other fuels.

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Coal

________ has variable composition depending on both its age and location.

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constant pressure

At ________, exothermic means ▵H is negative; endothermic means ▵H is positive.

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Petroleum

________: A thick, dark liquid composed mostly of compounds called hydrocarbons that contain carbon and hydrogen.

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Constant pressure calorimetry

________ is used in determining the changes in enthalpy for reactions occurring in solutions.

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Exothermic

________: A reaction results in the evolution of heat.

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Calorimetry

________: the science of measuring heat based on observing the temperature change when a body absorbs or discharges energy as heat.

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Specific heat capacity

________: The energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.

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▵H

________ is not dependent on the reaction side.

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Enthalpy

________ is a state function.

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Thermodynamic quantities

________ always consist of two parts: a number, giving the magnitude of the change, and the sign, indicating the direction of flow.

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Energy

________: The capacity to do work or to produce heat.

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Multiply reactions

________ to give the correct numbers of reactants and products 6.4 Standard Enthalpies of Formation.

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Thermodynamics

________: The study of energy and its interconversions.

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New Energy Sources

The average temperature of the earths surface is 298 K. It would be 255 K without the "greenhouse gases "6.6 ________.

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Coal slurries

________ might replace solid coal and residual oil as fuels for electricity- generating power plants.

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ideal gas

For a(n) ________, work can occur only when its volume changes.

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Coal

________ was formed from the remains of plants that were buried and subjected to high pressure and heat over long periods of time.

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