Psychology Study Guide Exam 1

psychology

the scientific study of human and animal behaviors and mental processes and all the factors that influence them

What are Anicent Greece traditions?

Plato's quest for perfect knowledge rooted in eternal forms. Aristotle's emphasized virtue, creating formal logic, and that knowledge comes from experience

What are African traditions?

The Shaman : connects to the power of the supernatural world, harnesses the power to heal, counsel, and communicate with the the spiritual world, uses natural and spiritual remedies for people's struggles

What are Asian traditions?

Indian yoga : disciplines the mind and body and mind align with each other Buddhism : explores consciousness, deepens awareness, and recognizes cause-effect relationship

What are Judeo-Christian traditions?

people are created in God's image and likeness, people can be redeemed, and people have the capacity to practice virtues and engage in rational thought

What was Rene Descartes ideology?

sensations and behaviors comes from nervous system. Mind-body connection

What are scientific traditions?

periodic table : elements of the natural world (natural patterns help us understand people) Charles Darwin : the process of survival and adaptation

cerebral cortex

-outer layer of the brain, largest and most developed part of the brain -responsible for all our highest level cognitive and intellectual abilities (thought, language, emotions, and consciousness)

the limbic system

-underneath the cerebral cortex and above the brainstem -allows us to experience and control our emotions, linked to smell, motivation, memory, and sensory systems

the brain stem

-located near the bottom of the brain -passes information from brain to body and body to brain; regulates heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, sleep, consciousness, body temp, and vomiting reflex

structuralism

how do we take all of the complexities of the human mind and reduce them to their most basic elements?

functionalism

how do mental processes help us to live and respond effectively in our daily lives? (pratcical application)

psychodynamics

powerful unconscious forces produce our observable behaviors and symptoms outside of our awareness and control

learning theories/behaviorism

the environment produces behavior through associations, rewards/punishment, and modeling

biological models

explains all aspects of human behavior in terms of the nervous system, brains structure and functioning, genetic factors, and adaptions that allow us to survive and reproduce

What are clinical examples of biological models?

ADHD, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder

humanistic theory

an outlook or system of thought that focuses on human beings rather than supernatural or divine insight

cognitive theory

a learning theory of psychology that attempts to explain human behavior by understanding the thought processes

psychoanalysis strengths

focuses on developmental considerations and gains insight into current state of mind

psychoanalysis weaknesses

focuses on childhood experiences and difficult to measure or quantify

behaviorism strengths

allows learner to focus on one goal, real life application, and defines behavior clearly

behaviorism weaknesses

often doesn't target the core issue, doesn't take emotions into account, can be considered immoral

humanism strengths

empathizes individual choice and responsibility

humanism weakness

difficult to maintain and concepts are too vague

cognitive psych strengths

effective for treating anxiety, bases principle on experiments, and helps is understand the processes of memory

cognitive psych weakness

doesn't allow for direct observations, not effective on all individual, overlooks other behavioral factors, and ignores possible causes that could have come from social environment or our biology

Psychology is a science seperate from _____ and philosophy

physiology

Who introduced the idea of dualism in the 17th century?

Rene Descartes

Rene Descartes said that the __ and __ interact eith each other

mind, body

Who opened the first psychology lab? When? Where?

Wilhelm Wundt in 1879 at University of Leipzig

When did psychology flourish in America?

mid to late 1800's

Structuralists wanted to break down mental proceses into their ___ parts

smallest

Functionalists believed that consciousness existed as a more ____ and changing process

continuous

The limbic system is a ____ that goes all throughout the brain

network

Limbic system is what we are feeling, for example anger, in other words our ___.

emotions

Cerebral cortex involves ___ ___ thinking

higher level

Brain stem is in charge of ____ processes

automatic

Behaviorism rose to dominance in the __ century

20th

Ivan Pavlov did research on ___ led to his discovery of the classical conditioning process and he was from ___

dogs, Russia

Sigmund Frued was a ____ physician

Australian

SIgmund Frued studied the importance of the ____ mind

unconscious

Carl ____ was an American psychologist who was one of the founders of the school of ____

Rogers, thought

Rogers believed strongly in the power of free ____ and self-___

will, determination

William James was an _____ psychologist

American

William James ideas served as the new school of thought called _____

functionalism