Chapter 9: Worms Part 2

Lophotrochozoan

These are worms that have a lophophore and trochophore

Lophophore

a ciliated feeding device

Trochophore

a larval form

Protostome

This is an animal where the blastopore develops into the "mouth". Opposite of deuterostomes

Phylum Cycliophora

- Lives on mouthparts of marine decapod crustaceans (lobsters) - Only 3 species known - Extremely small - Eats bacteria - Reproduces both sexually and asexually

Phylum Entoprocta

- Mostly are colonia - Less than 100 species - Very small (less than 5 mm) - Found under rocks and running water as well as living on shells and other things *- U-shaped digestive tract *- Cup shaped body - Digest through diffusion

Libbie Henrietta Hyman

received her Ph.D. in 1915, wrote The Invertebrates, responsible for a lot of classification of invertebrates

Phylum Ectoprocta (Byrozoans)

- Also called bryozoans or moss animals - Both fresh and marine - Colony builders that encrust firm surfaces (shells, bottoms of ships, pipes) - Have muscles that pull lophophore in - Have an operculum like mollusks - Have a Zooid and Cystid - Use tentacles to feed - Mostly hermaphroditic - Don't have organs

Encrust

Animals that settle on rocks, substrates, and hard surfaces. Bryozoans called Membranipora can encrust and host many tiny zooids

Polypide

This is the portion of a bryozoan that contained most of the organs and the lophophore

Zooid

individual that comprises a feeding polypide and case-forming cystid in bryozoans

Zoecium

a calcareous home that houses a tiny zooid or polypide in byrozoans

Operculum

This contains the lophophore and is extended out into the water in order to feed

Magnificent Bryozoan (pectinatella magnifica)

This is an invasive species of bryozoans where the colonies bind together in large clumps that look to be frog eggs

Bryostatin-1

This is a anti-cancer treatment for tumors and other cancer related issues that is found on Bugula neritina bryozoans

Cystid

a case that forms over the zooid for protection

Statoblast

a kind of bud that survives over winter when a bryozoan colony dies in autumn

Phylum Brachiopoda

- Considered living fossils - Commonly called "lamp Shells" - Look like bivalved mollusks - Attached, bottom-dwelling marine forms that inhabit shallow water * Perfect symmetry - Still have a lophophore

Lingula

an inarticulate brachiopod that normally occupies a burrow, has a long "tongue like" foot

Class Articulata

class of brachiopods connecting hinge with an interlocking tooth-and-socket

Class Inarticulata

class of brachiopods held together by muscles only, allows shells to move

Phylum Phoronida

- Found in colder waters - Create tubes that they secrete to live in and anchor - Don't contain a heart but contain hemoglobin - Most are hermaphrodites while some are dioecious

Phylum Nemertea

- Ribbon worms - Most are marine - Can have multiple bright colors - Some live in secreted gelatinous tubes - Ciliated epidermis - Carnivorous - Has a complete digestive tract * Has a proboscis

Nemertean Proboscis

an eversible organ capable of stabbing another animal by turning inside out, end is sharp and allows neurotoxin into it’s prey