IS431 Final Ch 10-14

A ________ is a business document that contains some predefined data and may include some areas where additional data are to be filled in.

Form

A ________ is a business document that contains only predefined data; it is a passive document used solely for reading or viewing.

Report

A report typically contains data from many unrelated ________ or transactions.

Records

The ________ report provides details behind the summary values on a key-indicator or exception report.

Drill-down

The ________ report highlights data that are out of the normal operating range.

Exception

The ________ report provides a summary of critical information on a recurring basis.

Key-indicator

The ________ report is produced at predefined intervals-daily, weekly, or monthly-to support the routine informational needs of an organization.

Scheduled

The ________ report has unplanned information requests in which information is gathered to support a non-routine decision.

Ad-hoc

A paper prototype is a series of mock ________ that can be used to test content, look, and feel, as well as the task flow and other usability factors.

Screens

Increasingly, developers are using tools that can quickly create screen mockups, referred to as ________, to show the placement of information elements on a screen and the space needed for each element.

Wireframes

"Valid date, which identifies on what date (or time) the data in the form or report was accurate," is related to ________ for the design of forms and reports.

Meaningful titles

"Notifying users when on the last page of a multi-paged sequence" is related to ________ for the design of forms and reports.

An easy navigation system

"All data and entry fields should be clearly labeled" is related to ________ for the design of forms and reports.

A balanced layout

Information should be provided in a manner that is usable without modification" is related to ________ for the design of forms and reports.

Meaningful information

Clear and specific titles describing content and use of form or report" is related to ________ for the design of forms and reports.

Meaningful titles

Adequate spacing and margins should be used in a report" is related to ________ for the design of forms and reports.

A balanced layout

Only needed information should be displayed in a report" is related to ________ for the design of forms and reports.

Meaningful information

Revision date or code to distinguish a form or report from prior versions in a report" is related to ________ for the design of forms and reports.

Meaningful titles

Clear and specific titles describing content and use of form or report" is related to ________ for the design of forms and reports.

Meaningful titles

Information should be balanced on the screen or page" is related to ________ for the design of forms and reports.

A balanced layout

Current date, which identifies when the form or report was generated," is related to ________ for the design of forms and reports.

Meaningful titles

Clearly show where we are (e.g., page 1 of 3) on the report" is related to ________ for the design of forms and reports.

An easy navigation system

Which of the below is a problem from using a color in forms and reports?

Printing or conversion to other media may not easily translate.

Which of the following is a problem caused by using a color in forms and reports?

Color fidelity may degrade on different displays.

Displaying text in mixed uppercase and lowercase and using conventional punctuation is related to which of the guidelines for displaying text?

Case

Using acronyms only when they are widely understood by users and are significantly shorter than the full text is related to which of the guidelines for displaying text?

Abbreviations

Left-justifying text and leaving a ragged-right margin is related to which of the guidelines for displaying text?

Justification

In business-related systems, ________ is becoming increasingly important as text-based applications such as electronic mail, bulletin boards, and information services are more widely used.

Textual output

Break long sequences of alphanumeric data into small groups of three to four characters each" is related to which guideline for displaying tables and lists?

Formatting numeric, textual, and alphanumeric data

Use same family of typefaces within and across displays and reports" is related to which guideline for displaying tables and lists?

Formatting columns, rows, and text

Redisplay labels when the data extend beyond a single screen or page" is related to which guideline for displaying tables and lists?

Use meaningful labels

Left-justify textual data, use short line length, usually 30-40 characters per line" is related to which guideline for displaying tables and lists?

Formatting numeric, textual, and alphanumeric data

Use a single typeface, except for emphasis" is related to which guideline for displaying tables and lists?

Formatting columns, rows, and text

Right-justify numeric data and align columns by decimal points or other delimiter" is related to which guideline for displaying tables and lists?

Formatting numeric, textual, and alphanumeric data

Similar information displayed in multiple columns should be sorted vertically" is related to which guideline for displaying tables and lists?

Formatting columns, rows, and text

All columns and rows should have meaningful labels" is related to which guideline for displaying tables and lists?

Use meaningful labels

Place a blank line between every five rows in long columns" is related to which guideline for displaying tables and lists?

Formatting columns, rows, and text

Avoid overly fancy fonts and sort in a meaningful order" is related to which guideline for displaying tables and lists?

Formatting columns, rows, and text

According to guidelines for selecting tables versus graphs, we should use tables for ________.

Reading individual data values

________ is an overall evaluation of how a system performs in supporting a particular user for a particular task.

Usability

Which usability factor specifies that outputs should be self-explanatory and not require users to remember information from prior outputs in order to complete a task?

Clarity

Which usability factor specifies that information should be viewed and retrieved in a manner most convenient to the user?

Flexibility

Which usability factor specifies that formatting should be designed with an understanding of the task being performed and the intended user?

Organization

Which usability factor specifies that information format should be consistent between entry and display, and format should distinguish each piece of data and highlight, not bury, important data?

Format

Which usability factor specifies that there should be consistent use of terminology, abbreviations, formatting, titles, and navigation within and across outputs?

Consistency

________ is a usability dimension concerned with how quickly users can perform tasks once they know how to perform them.

Efficiency

________ is a usability dimension concerned with how many errors a user might encounter and how easy it is to recover from those errors.

Error-rate

________ is a usability dimension concerned with how difficult it is for the user to perform a task for the first time.

Learnability

________ is a usability dimension concerned with how easy it is to remember how to accomplish a task when revisiting the system after a period of time.

Memorability

________ is a usability dimension concerned with how enjoyable a system's visual appeal is and how enjoyable the system is to use.

Satisfaction and aesthetics

When designing forms and reports, which characteristic focuses on issues related to experience, skills, motivation, education, and personality that should be considered?

User

When designing forms and reports, which characteristic focuses on the platform on which the system is constructed that will influence interaction styles and devices?

System

When designing forms and reports, which characteristic focuses on social issues such as the users status and role that should be considered in addition to environmental concerns such as lighting, sound, task interruptions, temperature, and humidity?

Environment

Which error is addressed by the recommendation to make sure that when using standard design items, they behave in accordance with major interface design standard?

Nonstandard use of GUI widgets

Which error is addressed by the recommendation to avoid fixed-formatted text that requires users to scroll horizontally to view content or links?

Fixed-formatted text

Which error is addressed by the recommendation to make sure the site is continuously updated so that users "feel" that the site is regularly maintained and updated?

Outdated information

Which error is addressed by the recommendation to make sure that users don't need the latest browsers or plug-ins to view the site?

Bleeding-edge technology

Which error is addressed by the recommendation to avoid using large images, lots of images, unnecessary animations, or other time-consuming content that will slow the downloading time of a page?

Slow download times

Which error is addressed by the recommendation to avoid requiring users to scroll down a page to view information, especially navigational controls?

Displaying long lists as long pages

Which error is addressed by the recommendation to make sure that one avoids designing any legitimate information in a manner that resembles advertising?

Anything that looks like advertising

Which of the following is a method by which users interact with an information system?

Interface

All human-computer interfaces must have an interaction style and use some ________ for supporting this interaction.

Hardware

Under which design specification category for interfaces and dialogues do environmental characteristics appear?

Narrative Overview

Under which design specification category for interfaces and dialogues do form/report designs appear?

Interface/Dialogue Designs

Under which design specification category for interfaces and dialogues do testing procedures appear?

Testing and Usability Assessment

Under which design specification category for interfaces and dialogues does interface/dialogue name appear?

Narrative Overview

Under which design specification category for interfaces and dialogues does time to learn appear?

Testing and Usability Assessment

Under which design specification category for interfaces and dialogues do dialogue sequence diagram(s) and narrative description appear?

Interface/Dialogue Designs

Under which design specification category for interfaces and dialogues do task characteristics appear?

Narrative Overview

Under which design specification category for interfaces and dialogues do user satisfaction and other perceptions appear?

Testing and Usability Assessment

Under which design specification category for interfaces and dialogues does speed of performance appear?

Testing and Usability Assessment

Under which design specification category for interfaces and dialogues do system characteristics appear?

Narrative Overview

Under which design specification category for interfaces and dialogues do rate of errors and testing objectives appear?

Testing and Usability Assessment

____ is a human-computer interaction method whereby users enter explicit statements into a system to invoke operations.

Command language interaction

________ is a human-computer interaction method in which a list of system options is provided and a specific command is invoked by user selection of a menu option.

Menu interaction

Which interaction places a substantial burden on the user to remember names, syntax, and operations?

Command language interaction

A ________ is simply a list of options; when an option is selected by the user, a specific command is invoked.

Menu

A ________ is a menu-positioning method that places a menu near the current cursor position.

Pop-up menu

Which menu method is also known as a dialogue box?

Pop-up menu

Which menu-positioning method places the access point of the menu near the top line of the display; when accessed, menus open by dropping down onto the display?

Drop-down menu

Command verbs should clearly and specifically describe operations," falls under which category for menu design guidelines?

Wording

A consistent organizing principle should be used that relates to the tasks the intended users perform," falls under which category for menu design guidelines?

Organization

Submenus should be used to break up exceedingly long menus," falls under which category for menu design guidelines?

Length

How the user is to select each option and the consequences of each option should be clear," falls under which category for menu design guidelines?

Selection

Menu items should be displayed in mixed uppercase and lowercase letters and have a clear, unambiguous interpretation," falls under which category for menu design guidelines?

Wording

Entry methods should be consistent and reflect the size of the application and sophistication of the users," falls under which category for menu design guidelines?

Length

he number of menu choices should not exceed the length of the screen," falls under which category for menu design guidelines?

Length

Related options should be grouped together, and the same option should have the same wording and codes each time it appears," falls under which category for menu design guidelines?

Organization

Which menus have become very popular in recent years because they provide consistency in menu location and operation among applications and efficiently use display space?

Drop-down menu

Which interaction is a highly intuitive human-computer interaction method whereby data fields are formatted in a manner similar to paperbased forms?

Form interaction

Which interaction is a human-computer interaction method in which symbols are used to represent commands or functions?

Object-based interaction

The premise of ________ is to allow users to fill in the blanks when working with a system.

Form interaction

The most common method for implementing ________ is through the use of icons.

Object-based interaction

A(n) ________ is a graphical picture that represents specific functions within a system.

Icon

________ is a human—computer interaction method whereby inputs to and outputs from a computer-based application are in a conventional spoken language such as English.

Natural language interaction

A small vertical lever mounted on a base that steers the cursor on a computer display and provides similar functionality to a mouse is known as a ________.

Joystick

A sphere mounted on a fixed base that steers the cursor on a computer display is known as a ________.

Trackball

A small plastic box that users push across a flat surface and whose movements are translated into cursor movement on a computer display is known as a ________.

Mouse

When using a ________, users push an array of small buttons that represent symbols that are then translated into words and commands.

Keyboard

When using a ________, selections are made by touching a computer display.

Touch screen

When using a ________, selections are made by pressing a pen-like device against the screen.

Light pen

Which device is a suitable replacement for a mouse when work space for a mouse is not available?

Trackball

When using a ________, selections are made by pressing a button or by pressing the pen against it.

Graphics tablet

Issues with speed are typically experienced when using which of the following devices?

Keyboard

User fatigue is a potentially high usability problem associated with which device?

Touch screen

Which of the following errors can occur when adding additional characters to a field?

Appending

Which test is done to ensure that data are of proper type, e.g., all numeric, all alphabetic, all alphanumeric?

Class

Which test is done to ensure that data conform to a standard format?

Templates

Which test is done to check for existence of data items in all fields of a record?

Missing Data

Provide examples of proper use and the outcomes of such use," is related to which guideline for designing usable help?

Show

Use lists to break information into manageable pieces," is related to which guideline for designing usable help?

Organize

Use short, simple wording, common spelling, and complete sentences and give users only what they need to know, with the option to find additional information," is related to which guideline for designing usable help?

Simplicity

What does 'Graphics' mean?" is an example of a question asked during which type of help?

Help on menu

Dialogues should be logically grouped and have a beginning, middle, and end," is related to which guideline for the design of human-computer dialogues?

Closure

It should be a simple process for users to enter information and navigate between screens," is related to which guideline for the design of human-computer dialogues?

Ease

Which common property of windows and forms in a GUI environment requires users to resolve the request for information before proceeding?

Modality

Which common property of windows and forms in a GUI environment allows users to shrink a window or form to an icon?

Minimize

Avoid using image buttons that don't clearly change when being clicked," is a tip to avoid which error?

Buttons That Provide No Click Feedback

Avoid placing navigational links below where a page opens because many users may miss these important options that are below the opening window," is a tip to avoid which error?

Scrolling Navigation Pages

Designing distributed and Internet systems is much like designing ________ location systems.

Single

________ is the cabling, hardware, and software used to connect workstations, computers and file servers located in a confined geographical area.

LAN

A ________ is a device that manages file operations and is shared by each client PC attached to a LAN.

File server

In a file server configuration, each file server acts as an additional hard disk for each client ________.

PC

Which of the following is NOT a feature of an application program in a file server model?

Record locking

Which of the following is NOT a feature of a file server in a file server model?

Process or scans tables

Which of the below is NOT the limitations of file servers?

Handle integrity and security

File servers transfer files when data are requested from a ________.

Client

Client/server architecture is a ________-based computing environment in which a central database server or engine performs all database commands sent to it from client workstations, and application programs on each client concentrate on user interface functions.

LAN

A ________ is the (back-end) portion of the client/server database system running on the server that provides database processing and shared access functions.

Database engine

The ________ is the portion of the client/server database system that provides the user interface and data manipulation functions.

Client

A(n) ________ refers to the software building blocks that are used to ensure that common system capabilities, such as user interfaces and printing, as well as modules are standardized to facilitate data exchange between clients and servers.

API

A(n) ________ is a computing server where data analysis functions primarily reside.

Application server

A(n) ________ is a software emulation of a physical computer system, both hardware and operating system, that allows more efficient sharing of physical hardware resources.

Virtual machine

A(n) ________ is the act of creating virtual (rather than physical) versions of a variety of computing capabilities including hardware platforms, operating systems, storage devices, and networks.

Virtualization

Three-tiered client/server is an advanced client/server architecture in which there are three logical and distinct applications—________, presentation, and analysis—that are combined to create a single information system.

Data management

A(n) ________ is a combination of hardware, software and communication technology that brings data management, presentation, and analysis together into a three-tiered (or n-tiered) client/server environment.

Middleware

The ________ functions of an IS manage all interaction between software and files and databases, including data retrieval/querying, updating, security, concurrency control, and recovery.

Data management

The ________ functions of an IS manage just the interface between system users and the software, including the display and printing of forms and reports and possibly validating system inputs.

Data presentation

The ________ functions of an IS transform inputs into outputs, including simple summarization to complex mathematical modeling such as regression analysis.

Data analysis

A thin client is a client device designed so that most processing and data storage occur on the ________.

Server

Which cloud computing characteristic allows for most flexibility, meaning users can access cloud resources in a buffet-style fashion on an as-needed basis without the need for lengthy negotiations with the service provider?

On-Demand Self-Service

Which cloud computing characteristic provides computing resources that can be scaled up or down almost instantaneously and often automatically, based on user needs?

Rapid Elasticity

Which cloud computing characteristic specifies that the cloud services are accessible from almost anywhere and from almost any Web-enabled device?

Broad Network Access

________ specifies that rather than renting out space or time to each customer on one specific, physical machine, cloud providers manage multiple distributed resources that are dynamically assigned to multiple customers based on their needs.

Resource Pooling

________ specifies that service is typically provided using a utility computing model where customers pay only for what they use.

Measured Service

In the ________ model, only the basic capabilities of processing, storage, and networking are provided. Hence, the customer has the most control over the resources.

IaaS

In the ________ model, customers can run their own applications, which are typically designed using tools provided by the service provider.

PaaS

In the ________ model, the customer uses only applications provided via a cloud infrastructure. Typically, such applications include Web-based e-mail services and Web-based productivity suites.

SaaS

Applications under the ________ model are typically easiest to deploy, because the customer does not have to worry about maintaining or updating the software, the underlying platform, or the hardware infrastructure.

SaaS

In the ________ model, the user has control over the applications but has limited or no control over the underlying infrastructure.

PaaS

Services in a(n) ________ cloud can be used by any interested party on a pay-per-use basis; hence, they are often used for applications that need rapid scalability.

Public

A(n) ________ cloud does not free an organization from the issues associated with managing the cloud infrastructure, but it does give the organization a high degree of customizability, flexibility, and control over their data and applications.

Private

A(n) ________ cloud is internal to an organization and can help the organization to balance demand and supply of computing resources within the organization.

Private

Which of the following is a feature of a private cloud?

Control

Which of the following is a feature of a public cloud?

Pay per use

Which factor specifies that organizations must ensure that acceptable support capabilities and personnel are available, especially for mission-critical applications, to rapidly solve technical issues when they arise?

Reliability

Which characteristic specifies that organizations have to carefully evaluate to what extent the provider will be able to meet current and future business needs in terms of data storage, transaction volumes, and so on?

Scalability

Which characteristic is concerned with the stability of the service provider in the long run?

Viability

Which characteristic specifies that when sensitive data are concerned, organizations have to question how secure the data will be from outside intruders, how the privacy of customer data will be protected, and whether the data storage complies with regulations such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, HIPAA, etc.?

Security, Privacy, and Compliance

Which characteristic specifies that an important question to ask from the organization side is which provider can offer the services needed both presently and in the future?

Diversity of Offerings

Which characteristic focuses on the issue of interoperability which the organizations face?

Openness

Which characteristic focuses on balancing the benefits and costs of the flexibility and scalability the cloud offers?

Costs

_______-oriented architecture is a software architecture in which business processes are broken down into individual components that are designed to achieve the desired results for the service consumer.

Service

According to the ________ service principle, a service should be usable in many different applications.

Reusability

According to the ________ service principle, a service should work with any other service.

Interoperability

According to the ________ service principle, a service should be simple and modular.

Componentization

A Web service is a method of communication between two electronic devices over a ________.

Network

_______ is an Internet authoring language that allows designers to create customized tags, enabling the definition, transmission, validation, and interpretation of data between applications.

XML

_______ is a lightweight data interchange approach that is relatively easy for humans to understand and for computers to generate or interpret.

JSON

_______ is a protocol for communicating XML data between Web service applications and the operating system.

SOAP

_______ is a relatively simple and fast protocol for communicating JSON data between Web service applications and the operating system.

REST

_______ is a method for translating Internet domain names into Internet Protocol (IP) addresses.

BIND

_______ is a communication protocol for exchanging information on the Internet.

HTTP

_______ is a set of style rules that tells a Web browser how to present a document.

CSS

_______ is a specification for separating style from content when generating XML pages.

XSL

_______ means providing Internet content to a user based upon knowledge of that customer.

Personalization

_______ refers to sites that allow a user to customize the content and look of a site based on his or her personal preferences.

Customization

A(n) ________ is a special type of software application for collecting, organizing, and publishing Web site content.

CMS

To make sure Web sites contain the most accurate and up-to-date information, often from multiple sources, many organizations have turned to using a ________ management system.

Content

Tutorials are related to which category of deliverable for Documenting the System, Training, and Supporting Users?

User Training Plan

There are ________ major activities involved in system implementation.

Six

________ is the process whereby the physical design specifications created by the analysis team are turned into working computer code by the programming team.

Coding

________ involves determining what needs to be tested and collecting test data.

Planning

________ is the process during which the current system is replaced by the new system.

Installation

Program documentation is the deliverable that is produced after the ________ phase.

Coding

Test scenarios (test plan) and test data are the deliverables that are produced after the ________ phase

Testing

The user guide is the deliverable that is produced after the ________ phase.

Installation

Code is the deliverable that is produced after the ________ phase.

Coding

Results of program and system testing is the deliverable that is produced after the ________ phase.

Testing

The user training plan is the deliverable that is produced after the ________ phase.

Installation

The data conversion plan is the deliverable that is produced after the ________ phase.

Installation

The site and facility remodeling plan is the deliverable that is produced after the________ phase.

Installation

During the early stages of ________, the training plans are finalized and training on the use of the system begins.

Implementation

System documentation is related to which category of deliverable for Documenting the System, Training, and Supporting Users?

Documentation

Classes are related to which category of deliverable for Documenting the System, Training, and Supporting Users?

User Training Plan

Training materials are related to which category of deliverable for Documenting the System, Training, and Supporting Users?

User Training Modules

Help desk is related to which category of deliverable for Documenting the System, Training, and Supporting Users?

User Support Plan

User documentation is related to which category of deliverable for Documenting the System, Training, and Supporting Users?

Documentation

Computer-based training aids are related to which category of deliverable for Documenting the System, Training, and Supporting Users?

User Training Modules

Online help is related to which category of deliverable for Documenting the System, Training, and Supporting Users?

User Support Plan

Bulletin boards and other support mechanisms are related to which category of deliverable for Documenting the System, Training, and Supporting Users?

User Support Plan

In a Master Test Plan, test initiation falls under which category?

Procedure Control

In a Master Test Plan, hardware falls under which category?

Testing Requirements

In a Master Test Plan, milestones, schedules, and locations fall under which category?

Overall Plan

In a Master Test Plan, document control falls under which category?

Procedure Control

In a Master Test Plan, test materials fall under which category?

Overall Plan

In a Master Test Plan, method and attachments fall under which category?

Component-Specific Test Plans

In a Master Test Plan, test execution and test failure fall under which category?

Procedure Control