Chapter 1 - Organizational Behavior/Management

Social inventions for accomplishing common goals through group effort

What are organizations?

Essential characteristic is the coordinated presence of people, rather than things.

What is a social invention?

The attitudes and behaviors of individuals + groups in organizations

Define organizational behavior

The knowledge, skills, and abilities embodied in an organizations employees.

What is human capital?

Social resources (relationships) that individuals obtain from participation in a social structure

What is social capital?

- Predict behavior - Explain behavior - Manage behavior

What are the three goals of OB?

The art of getting work done through others

Define management

Basing organizational practices on the best scientific evidence

Evidence-Based Management

centralized, emphasis on ways to manage work more efficiently

The Classical Viewpoint (Management)

System for using research to determine optimal degree of specialization and standardization of work tasks.

Scientific Management

- Strict chain of command - Strict, detailed rules - Centralization at top of organization

Characteristics of a Bureaucracy

- Strict chain of command is alienating -Strict rules lead employees to adopt a "bare minimum" approach - Strong centralization ignores new innovative ideas

Critiques of Bureaucracy

Came from Hawthorne studies, proposed that better human relations could increase worker productivity

What is the Human Relations Movement?

Workers' motivations were studied by examining how changes in working conditions affected output

What were the Hawthorne Studies?

Recognizes organizations as different, meaning they require different ways of managing

What is the Contingency Approach?

informational, interpersonal, decisional

What are the 3 managerial roles?

Monitor - scans external environment to find ideas Disseminator - summarizes meetings and sends info Spokesperson - talks to external environment

What are the information roles in management? (3)

Figurehead - serve as symbol and motivate Leadership - select, mentor, reward, etc. Liaison - maintains horizontal networks

What are the interpersonal roles in management? (3)

Entrepreneur - turn problems into new changes Disturbance Handler - solves employee/resource conflicts Resource Allocator - deploys time, resources, HR Negotiator - conducts negotiation with other orgs

What are the decisional roles in management? (4)

A workplace that provides employees with: 1. meaning + purpose, 2. sense of community 3. connection to others.

Workplace Spirituality

Organizational values and principles centered on fulfilling employee needs + promoting their best interest

Organizational Care

Positively oriented human resource strengths that can be measured, developed, and effectively managed for performance improvement.

Positive Organizational Behavior (POB)

An individual's positive psychological state of development (self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resilience)

Psychological Capital

Attracting, developing, and retaining people with the required skills to meet current and future business need

Talent Management

Positive state that is characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption of work.

Work Engagement