BIO 281 CH. 9: blood

Functions of the blood include...

- transportation of substances - protection

hemoglobin

pigment protein that gives red blood cells their characteristic color

Blood turns ____ when hemoglobin binds to __, and turns dark red when it binds to __.

red; dark red

plasma

- 55% of whole blood - H2O, proteins, electrolytes, hormones, and nutrients - least dense

buffy coat

- leukocytes and platelets - <1% of whole blood

erythrocytes

- RBC - 45% of whole blood - most dense

what is the source of plasma water?

ingested water

what is the source of plasma protein?

the liver

what is the source of blood cells?

bone marrow

What is the life span of RBC?

120 days

Blood prevents blood loss by...

- plasma proteins and platelets - clot formation

Blood prevents infection by...

- synthesizing/utilizing antibodies - complement proteins - activating WBC to defend the body against foreign invaders

Leukocytes

- WBC - 0.1% of all blood cells - larger than RBC

2 groups of leukocytes

- granulocytes (contains granules) - agranulocytes (lacks granules)

phagocytes

leukocytes that can engulf foreign substances for defense (include neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes)

Monocytes develop into ___ (constantly removes) and travel longer distances to find foreign substances.

macrophages

thrombocytes

(platelets) critical in forming platelet plugs in hemostasis along with fibrinogen, in forming blood clots

albumin

maintains osmotic pressure in blood and body fluids

globulin

protein transporters (ex. steroid hormones)

___ in converted into fibrins in the formation of a blood clot

fibrinogen

very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)

- high amount of triglyceride - transports triglycerides to tissues synthesized in the liver from carbohydrates to adipose cells (bad cholesterol)

low density lipoprotein (LDL)

- high amount of cholesterol - delivers cholesterol to various cells, including liver cells (bad cholesterol)

high density lipoprotein (HDL)

good cholesterol

What are the major events in RBC destruction?

1) squeezing through the capillaries of active tissue damages red blood cells 2) macrophages in the liver & spleen phagocytize damaged red blood cells 3) hemoglobin from the red blood cells is decomposed into heme and globin 4) heme is decomposed into iron and biliverdin (bile pigment) 5) iron is made available for reuse in the synthesis of new hemoglobin or is stored in the liver as ferritin 6) some biliverdin is converted into bilirubin 7) biliverdin and bilirubin are excreted in bile as bile pigments

hemostasis

the stoppage of bleeding

hemostasis extrinsic clotting mechanism

triggered when blood contacts damaged tissues

intrinsic clotting mechanism

triggered when blood contacts a foreign surface

name 4 clotting factors

1) fibrinogen 2) prothrombin 3) tissue thromboplastin 4) calcium

what are the 4 possible blood types in ABO blood grouping system

- type A - type B - type AB - type O

The universal donor is ____

type 0

The universal recipeint is ___

type AB