Module 1

Internal, covert processes

In the definition of psychology mental process means?

Explanation

Dr. Baker designs an experiment for studying lab rats' reactions to energy drinks in relation to problem solving. Dr. Baker is most interested in the goal of?

Prediction

Results of the study by Cheryan et al suggest that changes must occur to the perception of the computer science field. This illustrates the goal of?

William James

Which of the following early psychologist would have been most likely to agree with the statement "the study of the mind should focus should focus on how it functions in everyday life"?

Mary Whiton Calkins

Who was the first woman to complete course work for a doctorate at Harvard University?

Behaviorism

Which early perspective tried to return to a focus on scientific inquiry by ignoring the study of consciousness? Rejects the idea of free will

Evolutionary

Which of the following perspectives focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics?

Biopsychological

Which perspective offers the best explanation for schizophrenia?

Behavioral

Wesley has learned that if he cries with his mother in public, she will often get him a new toy or a piece of candy so as to quiet him. Which of the following explains Wesley's behavior?

Psychodynamic

Which perspective would a researcher be taking if she were studying a client's early childhood experiences and his resulting development of self?

Psychologist

Which of the following professionals in psychology has no medical training but has a doctorate degree?

University/College

If Dr. Swasey is like most psychologists, where does she probably work?

Reporting your results

In the scientific method, the final step is?

There is a tremendous amount of detail that can be gathered

The greatest advantage of using a case study is that?

A large amount of data can be gathered

The main advantage of a survey is that?

The group that gets to sleep

In an experiment to examine the effects of sleep deprivation on a complete of a puzzle, one group is allowed to sleep eight hours while another group is made to stay awake. In this experiment, the control group is?

Overt actions and reactions

In the definition of psychology, the term behavior mean?

Explaining

A psychologist is interested in finding out why married couples seemingly begin to look like each other after several years of marriage. This psychologists is most interested in the goal of

Francis Cecil Sumner

Who is considered to be the father of African American psychology?

John Watson

Which psychologist dared to ignore the whole consciousness issue and return to a study of scientific inquiry by focusing on observable behavior?

Humanism

Which perspective is often referred to as the "third force" in psychology and focuses on a person's freedom of choice and determining their behavior?

Sociocultural

Which perspective best explains the bystander effect whereby individuals will be less likely to help someone in need because of the presence of others close by?

Clinical

Dr. Colton identifies himself with the largest subfield of psychology. What kind of psychologist is he?

Psychiatrist

Micah has recently been diagnosed with a psychological disorder that is best addressed initially with medication. He would likely benefit the most by seeing a?

perceiving a question

Which step in the scientific method is derived from the goal of description?

testing a hypothesis

Brianne wants to find an explanation for the behavior of her lab rats in her study. Which step in the scientific method is she currently focusing on?

Case Study

The famous study of Phineas Gage, who survived when a mental rod pierced his skull, is an example of?

Wilhelm Wundt

Who is responsible for the Formal development of Psychology; Experimental Psychology

Introspection

To identify elements of consciousness; Mind could be measured, Nature of consciousness could be revealed

Socrates

Introduced Dialectic Method; breaking down of big questions into smaller ones to pursue a truth

Hippocrates

“Mental disorders resulted from physical issues with the body”

Behavioral Neuroscience

Thoughts and emotions have a physical basis in the brain

Positive Psychology

Identifying and building positive mental assets for a meaningful and purposeful life

Psychoanalytic

Deals with the unconscious; motivation by unseen forces

Psychology

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Empirism

All knowledge comes from experiences; John Locke

Structuralism

Structures of the mind and What it is

Functionalism

Activities of the mind and What it does

William James

Consciousness is ongoing and continuous

G Stanley Hall

Responsible for the First Psychology Lab in America; American Journal of Psychology; American Psychology Association

Margaret Floy Washburn

First American Woman to earn a PhD in Psychology at Harvard; Only second to become Woman Assoc President

Eugenics

Selective Breeding

Flashbulb memory

Highly significant and vividly remembered memory of an event

Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon

Surety of knowing an information but failure for retrieval

Frederic Bartlett

Pioneer of Cognitive Psychology

Western Psychology

Individualism

Eastern Psychology

Collectivism

Psychophysics

Relationship between Mental and Material

Science

Systematic approach to evidence; set of attitudes and skills to prevent us from fooling ourselves

Psychological Bias

Tendency to make decisions in an illogical way

Confirmation Bias

Seek out evidences that support our claims and dismiss those that contradicts them

Belief perseverance

Tendency to stick with our initial beliefs even if evidence contradicts them

Pseudoscience

Lacks safeguards against Psychological biases and are not supported by evidence

Scientific Theory

Set of related assumptions tat allows the use of logical deductive reasoning to formulate testable hypotheses

Inductive Reasoning

Drawing General conclusions by reasoning with Specific premises

Deductive Reasoning

Drawing Specific conclusions by reasoning with General premises such as theories, laws, principles

Critical Thinking

Set of skills for evaluating claims with an open mind

Developmental

Changes a person experiences until Death

Cognitive

Understanding our Mental Processing

Counseling

Deals with concerns that are not necessarily Psychological issues

Clinical

Assessment diagnosis; Largest Psychology subfield

Occam’s Razor

Does parsimony fit the data as well

Ruling out rival Hypothesis

Consider important alternative explanations for findings

Correlation is not Causation

Does A really cause B

Falsifiability

When a claim can be disproven

Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence

Is the evidence as convincing as the findings

Replicability

Can results be duplicated

Logical simplicity

parsimony

White Man's Burden

Sense of obligation of the "superior" West to enlighten non-west on their misguided beliefs

Orientalism

Persistent East and West comparison; Binary vision of the World