PSYC 330 - Chapter 5

false

(t/f) gender differences in the effects of drugs are due primarily to body weight differences

false

(t/f) some individuals have an "addictive" personality that predisposes them to alcohol or drug use disorders

true

(t/f) expectancies about alcohol's effects may be a more powerful determinant of its effects than the pharmacological action of alcohol

false

(t/f) theories about the effects of drugs on humans always have taken into account social and environmental factors

false

(t/f) tolerance to a drug develops only because of biological changes that occur as a result of using the drug

true

(t/f) tolerance to a drug may be evident within the same occasion of using it

true

(t/f) people who have tolerance to alcohol will also demonstrate tolerance to barbiturates the first time they use them

false

(t/f) there is no relationship between the drugs that animals show preference for and the drugs that humans prefer

false

(t/f) the effects of a drug on animals tell us little about how that drug with affect humans

false

(t/f) in general, drug researchers are not concerned with placebo effects when studying the actions of a drug

false

(t/f) because new medications are needed to treat diseases like AIDS, government regulation of the process of drug development and marketing has been greatly simplified

true

(t/f) folk uses of naturally occurring products are important sources for discovering new drugs

initial sensitivity

effect of a drug on a first-time user

addictive personality

hypothesis of a personality structure common to all people with substance use disorders

drug expectancy

a person's anticipation of or belief about what they will experience upon taking a drug

dispositional tolerance

increase in rate of metabolizing a drug as a result of its regular use

functional tolerance

decreased behavioral effects of a drug as a result of its regular use

acute tolerance

type of functional tolerance that occurs within a course of action of a single drug dose

protracted tolerance

type of functional tolerance that occurs over the course of two or more drug administrations

behavioral tolerance

adjustment of behavior through experience in using a drug to compensate for its intoxicating effects

cross-tolerance

tolerance to a drug or drugs never taken that results from protracted tolerance to another drug or drugs

psychosis

severe mental disorder whose symptoms include disorganized thinking and bizarre behavior

attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

disorder with features such as greater-than-normal amount of activity, restlessness, difficulty concentrating or sustaining attention, and impulsivity

paradoxical

contrary to what is expected - paradoxical drug effect is opposite in direction to what is expected based on drug's chemical structure

reverse tolerance

increased sensitivity to a drug with repeated use of it (a.k.a sensitization)

homeostasis

state of equilibrium or balance - systems are stable when disrupted - system operates to restore it

behavioral pharmacology

specialty area of psychopharmacology that concentrates on drug use as a learned behavior

reinforcer

consequence of a behavior that increases its future likelihood

punisher

consequence of a behavior that suppresses / decreases its future likelihood

self-administration study

study that involves testing whether research participants will "give themselves" a drug

drug discrimination study

research procedure that primarily concerns the differentiation of drug effects

conflict paradigm

research procedure that concerns the effects on a behavior of a drug that has a history of both reinforcement and punishment

generalizable

applicability of a research finding from one setting or group of research participants to others

causal relationship

relationship between variables in which changes in a second variable are due directly to changes in a first variable

control group

reference or comparison group in an experiment - does not receive the experimental manipulation or intervention whose effect is being tested

placebo control

type of control originating in drug research - placebo subjects have the same makeup and are treated exactly like group of subjects who receive a drug, except that placebo subjects receive a chemically inactive substance

group design

type of experimental design where groups of subjects are compared to establish experimental findings

chemical name

name given to a drug that represents its chemical structure

brand name

commercial name given to a drug by its manufacturer

generic name

general name given to a drug that is shorter (and easier for most people to say) than its chemical name