Bio Quiz

Matter

anything that takes up space and has mass

element

a substance that cannot be broken down further by a chemical reaction

Compound

a substance containing 2 or more elements combined chemically

Essential Elements

essential to survive and reproduce (Carbon, Oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen, Phosphate, (CHOPN))

trace element

an element that occurs at very small quantities in the body but is nonetheless important for many biological processes

octet rule

elements will gain lose or share an electron to complete the valence shell and become stable

chemical bond

an attraction between two atoms resulting from the sharing or transfer of valence electrons

electronegativity

the tendency of an atom to attract electrons

covalent bond

when two or more atoms share electrons

Single Covalent Bond- Double Bond- Triple bond

One pair of share e- Two pairs of shared e- Three pairs of shared e-

Polar bond

Non Polar

ionic bond

the attraction between oppositely charged atoms

metal transfers electrons to:

Non metals

cation

a positively charged ion

anion

a negatively charged ion

hydrogen bond

the partially positive atom in one polar covalent molecule will be attracted to an electronegative atom in another polar covalent molecule

intermolecular bond

bond that forms between molecules

polarity

unequal sharing of the electrons that make a polar molecule

cohesion

attraction of other molecules from molecules of the same kind (responsible for surface tension)

adhesion

the clinging of one molecule to a different molecule (allows for water to cling to cell walls)

Capillary action

the upwards movement of water due to the forces of cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension. works against gravity and occurs when adhesion is greater than cohesion

High Specific Heat

Water resists change in temperature

Evaporative cooling

water has a high heat of vaporization (Moderates the climate and prevents organisms from overheating)

Density

as water solidifies it expands and becomes less dense

Solvent

a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

solute

the dissolved matter in a solution; the component of a solution that changes its state

solution

a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances; frequently a liquid solution

Ionic Compounds

Partially negative oxygen in water will interact with positive atoms Partially positive hydrogen in water will interact with negative atoms Dissolves ions