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Biology and Behavior/Sensation and Perception/Consciousness

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Psychology

186 Terms

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fiber-like cells that come out of the cell body; take information and pass it on to the soma (cell body)
[part of neuron]

provides the energy for the nerve cell and houses the nucleus; power plant

carries information away from the cell; consists of myelin sheaths, nodes of Ranvier, and Schwann's cells

acts as insulation; allows signal to run fast and uninterrupted from cell body to axon terminals; protects axon from damage; each bubble has a cell called Schwann's cell

where action potential occurs; in between two myelin sheaths

produces and maintains the myelin shell

where information is released from the nerve cell

gap between two nerve cells; makes you who you are

back, bottom part; most primitive part of the brain; takes care of the most basic functions; consists of medulla, pons, cerebellum, and reticular formation

controls breathing, heart rate, pulse and reflexes; essential function

regulates sleep; bridge connecting lower and upper brain

posture, balance, memory, ability to perform controlled activities

controls alertness and arousal; like alarm system in house; active while sleeping, only inactive when in coma or death; brain processes unimportant information while sleeping by dumping it in dreams

integrates and coordinates sensory information; helps tie it together and make it work together
ex | hear a noise and turn your head to try to find out where it came from

where complexities start; higher order operations

inner core of the brain; second oldest part of the brain; control motivation and emotion

sensory switchboard; all incoming sensory information goes here, and it directs it to the correct part of the brain to be processed; except for smell

the brain's pleasure center; runs human pleasures and directs pituitary gland
four human pleasures: food, drinks, body heat, sex

in charge of memory, helps coordinate it; Function 1A - make short-term memory long-term and Function 2B - long-term memory short-term

in charge of fear, anger, and impulsive thinking; makes decisions during fight/flight; makes decisions because it seems fun at the time, without thinking of consquences; if all your friends jump off a cliff, you would too

bridge between thoughts and emotions

language, analytical thinking, and controls right side of the body

creativity, spatial thinking, holistic, and left side of the body

connects hemispheres together; allows information to go back and forth between them
- females have larger ones, which is believed to make them better at empathy and nonverbal communication/language

upper covering of brain; where all higher order learning occurs and where personality is; makes you who you are; part of the brain that becomes "brain dead"; the higher your level of education, the thicker this will be

smallest of the lobes; where visual information is processed; 70% of brain's energy is used for it

where body senses (touch and taste) are; larger part because it codes a large area

hearing, language, emotions, memory, and human faces

takes 22 to 23 years to develop; where organization and planning occurs; most sophisticated part of us is the cerebral cortex on our frontal lobe (pre-frontal cortex)

very front of parietal lobe; where all incoming touch information goes; hands and mouth are most sensitive

back of the frontal lobe; controls movement

left frontal lobe; controls speech production; if damaged, Broca's aphasia will occur - know what you want to say but are unable to physically communicate it

understanding; if damaged, you could speak but it wouldn't make sense

master gland; controls other glands and tells them to start secreting hormones; right under hypothalamus

produces/secretes melatonin (sleep)

makes three hormones: adrenaline (opens up airways and rushes blood to muscles), noradrenaline (brings body's functioning back to normal), and cortisol (retains energy for fight/flight; stores calories; also releases from stress and causes weight gain)

produces estrogen and progesterone; regulates fertility cycle; develop secondary sex characteristics in females (puberty); retain and shave fat; cycles sync when females cohabitate; these characteristics start at puberty and run up until menopause

testosterone is regulated within 28 seconds; can be made higher by having women treat him rudely and can be made lower by handing him a baby; drives sexual behavior and creates secondary sex characteristics (facial hair and deepening of voice)