Science 1.1 "What are Theories of Origins"

origins

the beginning

creationism

the idea that God created the universe and all life

informed interventionism

-a broader concept that also acknowledges God's intervention at other times in history -used instead of the word "creation" -came up by scientists ex: the flood

abiogenesis

-life arose spontaneously from non-living matter many millions of years ago -made by T.H. Huxley in 1870 -people believed in the idea of it in 1600s by believing that meat made maggots word = no life beginning or spontaneous generation

macroevolution

-all present life forms descended from a simple one-celled organism -believed by only evolutionists -major changes over time -hasn't been proved

spontaneous generation

the idea that life (living organisms) come from non-living matter

primoridal soup

-hypothesized that at some previous time, oceans were filled with CO2, methane, ammonia, hydrogen, and water -term made by Alexander Oparin

exogenesis

-a hypothesis that life began somewhere else such as comets and meteorites -term started when some scientists believed life was imossible to come from non-living matter word = outside beginning

fixity of species

people believed that life on Earth was exactly the same as what was created by God during creation week

artificial selection

-breeders purposely selected plans or animals with desireable characteristics next generation -helps with the evolution theory

natural selection

pattern of variation, greater survival, and successful reproduction

microevolution

-small changes of characteristics over time -involves the process of evolutionary changes within populations -leads to sorts of variation that we see within species -believed by scientists and evolutionists

mutation

changes that occur when a gene is altered, damaged, or lost

panspermia

-suggests that life is widespread throughout the universe -some scientists believed in the hypothesis, others didn't because it still doesn't explain how life started

intelligent design

-not creationism -doesn't describe origins from a religious pov -mostly relies on scientific evidence, not scripture -theory that states that living things + other features in the universe are best explained by a "_____ designer"

Biblical worldview

-a theory of origin -viewing the world through the creation of God -informed intervention -can't be tested on scientifically -believed only in faith -many belief its a myth -many believe these accounts were borrowed from famous myths

worldview

-collection of attitudes, values, stories, + expectations about the world around us -it informs our every action (influences us) -ex: all scientists are influenced by this

Naturalistic worldview

-a theory of origin -belief in abiogenesis + evolution -doesn't believe that a higher being created the world

study of origin

when scientists develop theories on how life began by looking through evidence

theory

-wide acceptance based on scientific evidence -proven to be true due to perfomed experiments by scientists

scientific process

-observations that are made + experiments are performed -ex: helps scientists study how life began on earth

Doctors Gerhard + Michael Hasel

who found out that myths: creation happened through struggle Bible: creation happened through love

Francesco Redi

-Italian physician + biologist -experimented with abiogenesis in 1668

Redi's experiment

-experimented to prove that abiogenesis is false -life doesn't start from non-living matter -the source of the maggots were from flies laying tiny eggs that we can't see

Louis Pasteur

-a scientist who later updated Redi's experiment with a special flask in the 1800s -even with enough oxygen, no live beings came out of the non-living matter

20th century

when scientists started investigating where molecules came from

Alexander Oparin

-believed life came from the ocean - made the term "primordial soup" for it

Stanley Miller + Harold Urey

-experimented on abiogenesis by sealing in a container: water, methane, ammonia, CO2, + hydrogen (to resemble earth's atmosphere) -the theory was true back then, but is now false

Miller-Urey Experiment

experiment: -boiled water + several gases in a flask -sent electrical charges to it results: -several types of amino acids in mix -its possible for molcules (organic model) -some amino formed weren't ones found in living organisms

Miller-Urey Experiment issues

-some molecules created weren't useful in life -some processes broke down amino acids and molecules too fast -Earth's atmosphere may have been different back then -amino acids are only right hand or only left hand seperately (mirror images). the experiment showed both right hand + left hand acids.

RNA world

-RNA = ribonucleic acid, found in living cells -some scientists believe theres an this type of world -suggests that life began with RNA formed molecules -false theory

Carolus Linnaeus

botanist who observed plants could become hybrids + cross between 2 species

evolution

-means: change over time -occurs in populations + groups, not individually

Charles Darwin

naturalist who made a theory that the evolution of new species occured as the result of natural selection

Points to Darwin's theory

-competition -variation -adaptation -selection

competition

when each species produces more offspring that can actually survive

variation

when each indicidual within a species is slightly different so there is a variety

adaptation

when some variations are more advantageous than others leading to certain individuals being able to survive better in their environment

selection

-when those that survive + reproduce pass characteristions on to their offspring, -making them better equipped to survive

Microevolution examples

-differences in beaks of finches -length of a giraffe's neck over time -predominance of light or dark peppered moths

two complex patterns of Intelligent Design

irreducible complexity + specified complexity

irreducible complexity

-a complex pattern of Intelligent Design -system that doesn't work if one part is missing ex: a mousetrap

specified complexity

-a complex pattern of Intelligent Design -a system w/ a specific sequence to work ex: a sentence - "esleap sasp eht eanmleond" = "please pass the lemonade"