Honors Bio Cell Unit Test

cell theory

the theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms

prokaryotic

less developed cells without a nucleus. Only have cell membranes, free floating dna, cytoplasm and ribosomes (sometimes cell walls or flagella)

eukaryotic

more advanced cells with a nucleus and many other functioning organelles that do many things in the cell

plant cell

a cell that is a structural and functional unit of a plant. Have chlorophyll in the chloroplasts and a cell wall

ribosome

Make proteins. They are the site of protein synthesis

golgi apparatus

Packages and secretes the products of the cell. Sorta proteins and send them where they are needed.

cytoplasm

Watery material which contains many of the materials involved in cell metabolism

nucleus

serves as control center of cell metabolism and reproduction. Contains gene information

nucleolus

Site of the production of ribosomes

nuclear membrane

Controls movement in and out of the nucleus and provides support

cell membrane

a thin membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell that controls movement in and out of the cell

mitochondria

Site of cellular respiration. ATP

Endoplasmic reticulum

Serves as a pathway for the transport of materials throughout the cell; also associated with synthesis and storage

Rough ER

Has ribosomes. Transports proteins

Smooth ER

No ribosomes. Lipid synthesis detox

Vacuole

Fluid filled organelles enclosed by a membrane; contains stored food or wastes

cell wall

a rigid layer of polysaccharides enclosing the membrane of plant and prokaryotic cells. Provides extra support

chloroplast

plastid containing chlorophyll and other pigments; in plants that carry out photosynthesis

centriole

involved in cell division in animal cells

lysosomes

organelles that are filled with digestive enzymes to remove waste and invading bacteria

genes

parts of dna that code

chromatin

loose form of dna

cytoskeleton

gives shape and structure to a cell

cellulose

makes cell walls

plastids

store food

Active transport

Requires ATP(energy). Materials move against the concentration gradient. (Pump) Moving up requires energy.

Passive Transport

does not require energy. Materials move with the concentration gradient.

endocytosis

substances enter into the cell

exocytosis

transports molecules out of the cell

diffusion

the process in which there is movement of a substance from an area of high concentration of that substance to an area of lower concentration

osmosis

diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal. (Diffusion if H2O)

permeable

allowing fluids or gases to pass or diffuse through

facilitated diffusion

spontaneous passive transport of molecules across a biological membrane

selectively permeable

choosing what materials enter and leave

isotonic solution

The solutions have the same concentration of solutes. Water moves equally in and out of the cell. No net movement

hypertonic solution

More solute. Water moves toward a greater solute concentration. Cell shrivels.

hypotonic solution

Less solute. Water moves into the cell causing it to burst. This is why you need to regulate how much you drink with urinating

dynamic equilibrium

a state of balance between continuing processes.

flagella

a hair like structure used for movement

cilia

hairlike structures with the capacity for movement

cell plate

during cytokinesis, the new cell wall that begins to form in the middle, dividing the two sides

chromosomes

rod shaped bodies that carry genetic info