Academic biology — 6.3-6.6 (22 words)

Trait

Characteristic that is inherited

Genetics

Study of the hereditary paterns and variation of organisms

Purebred

Type of organism whose ancestors are genetically uniform

Cross

Mating of two organisms

Law of Segregation

Mendel’s first law, stating that organisms inherit two copies of genes, one from each parent, and organisms, donate only one copy of each gene in their gamete because the genes separate during formation

Gene

Specific region of DNA that codes for a paticular protein

Allele

Any of the alternative forms of a gene that occurs at a specific place on a chromosome

Homozygous

Characteristic of having two of the same alleles at the same locus of sister chromosomes

Heterozygous

Characteristic of having two different alleles that appear at the same locus of sister chromotoids

Genome

All of an organism’s genetic material

Genotype

Collection of all of a organism’s genetic information that codes for traits

Phenotype

Collections of all of an organism’s physical characteristics

Dominant

Allele that is expressed when two different alleles present in an organisms genotype

Recessive

Allelle that is not expressed unless two copies are present in an organism’s genotype

Punnett Square

Model for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross, or mating

Monohybrid Cross

Monohybrid cross

Testcross

Cross between an organism with an inknown genotype and an organism with a recessive phenotype

Dihybrid Cross

Cross, or mating, between organisms involving two pairs of contrasting traits

Law of Independent Assortment

Mendel’s second law, stating that alelle pairs seperate from another during gamete formation

Probability

Likelihood that a particular event will happen

Crossing Over

Exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes during meosis

Genetic Linkage

Tendency or genes located close together to be inherited during meosis