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NURS 3108 - Exam #1

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Health

240 Terms
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a scale used to assess the consciousness of a patient upon physical examination, typically in patients with neurological concerns or complaints (higher the better -- best 15)
Primary Skin Lesion Non-palpable Usually less than 1 cm in diameter It is a change in color of the skin color Examples: Freckles Flat Moles (Nevi) Petechiae Measles
Primary Skin Lesion Less than 1 cm in diameter Elevated Palpable Firm Circumscribed area Examples: Wart Elevated moles Lichen Planus
Primary Skin Lesion Clustering of macules Irregular shape Non-palpable Examples: Vitiligo Port-Wine Stains Hyperpigmented macule Café au lait patch
Primary Skin Lesion Elevated Firm Rough lesion with flat top surface Greater than 1 cm diameter Examples: Psoriasis Seborrheic and actinic Keratosis
Primary Skin Lesion Localized area of cutaneous edema of skin Elevated Irregular shape Variable size Examples: Insect bites Urticaria (Hives) Allergic Reaction
Primary Skin Lesion 1-2 cm in Diameter Deeper & firmer Elevated Circumscribed Examples: Erythema Nodosum Lipoma
Primary Skin Lesion Greater than 2 cm in diameter Elevated Solid Deeper in dermis Examples of Tumors: Neoplasms Benign tumor Lipoma
Primary Skin Lesion Elevated Circumscribed Superficial/not into dermis Filled with serous fluid Less than 1 cm in diameter Examples: Varicella (chickenpox) Herpes Zoster (shingles)
Primary Skin Lesion Greater than 1 cm in diameter Type of vesicle Examples: Blister Pemphigus Vulgaris
Primary skin Lesion Elevated Superficial lesion Like vesicle but filled with purulent fluid Examples: Impetigo Acne
Primary Skin Lesion Elevated Circumscribed Encapsulated lesion In dermis or subcutaneous layer Filled with liquid or semisolid material Examples: Sebaceous Cyst Cystic Acne Ganglion
Primary Skin Lesion "Spider Veins" Fine Irregular Red lines Produced by capillary dilation (vascular lesion) Examples: Telangiectasia in rosacea
Secondary Skin Lesion Flaky skin Irregular Thick or thin Dry or oily Variation in size Examples: Flaking of skin with Seborrheic Dermatitis or after a drug reaction Dry skin Psoriasis
Secondary Skin Lesion Rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or skin irritation Examples: Chronic dermatitis
Secondary Skin Lesion Irregularly shaped Elevated Progressively enlarging scar Grows beyond boundaries of wound Caused by excessive collagen formation during healing, can occur from ear piercing or burn or surgical incision, etc.
Secondary Skin Lesion Thin to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after injury or laceration to the dermis Example: Healed wound or surgical incision
Secondary Skin Lesion Loss of epidermis Linear hollowed-out Crusted area Examples: Abrasion or scratch
Secondary Skin Lesion Linear crack or break from the epidermis to the dermis May be moist or dry Examples: Athlete's Foot Cracks at corner of the mouth
Secondary Skin Lesion Loss of part of the epidermis Depressed area Moist/glistening Follows the rupture of a vesicle or bulla Examples: Varicella
Secondary Skin Lesion Loss of epidermis and dermis Concave Varies in size Examples: Decubiti Stasis Ulcers
Secondary Skin Lesion Dried serum, blood, or purulent drainage Slighted elevated Size varies Brown/red/black/tan/straw-colored Examples: Scab on abrasion Eczema
Thinning of skin surface and loss of skin markings Skin translucent and paper-like Examples: Striae Aged skin
Vascular Red-purple Non-blanchable discolorations Less than 0.5 cm in diameter Caused by intravascular defects, bleeding, or infections
Vascular Red-purple Non-blanchable discoloration Greater than > 0.5 cm in diameter Caused by intravascular defects, bleeding or infections
Vascular Red-purple Non-blanchable discoloration Variable size Caused by vascular wall destruction, trauma, or vasculitis
Vascular Red, irregular macular patches "Strawberry birthmark" Caused by dilation of dermal capillaries Overgrowth of tiny blood vessels Often found at birth
Vascular Bluish spider Linear or irregularly shaped Does not blanch with pressure Caused by increased pressure in superficial veins
Milia Diaper rash Rashes associated with allergens
Bony Prominences
Used for predicting pressure sore ulcer risk. Higher score = less risk 19 - 23 No risk 15 - 18 Mild 13 - 14 Moderate 10 - 12 High Below 9 Very High
Prolonged redness with unbroken skin. Non-blanchable erythema.
Partial-thickness skin loss appears as a shallow, open ulcer with pink wound bed.
Full-thickness skin loss with damage to subcutaneous tissue (may note serosanguineous drainage). Bone, tissue, or muscle are not exposed.
Full-thickness skin loss with exposed bone, muscle, or tendon; may have some eschar or slough.
dead tissue
tissue over wound
Unstageable: Eschar or slough may cover the entire wound bed; thus, it is unstageable.
Raised red plaques Silvery scales Often itch or burn Frequent locations: Elbows Knees Buttocks Back Scalp
Viral Caused by HPV
Viral group of 8 DNA viruses Outbreaks triggered by sun exposure, stress, fever. Grouped vesicles with an erythematous base. Very painful and highly contagious Eruptions last about 2 weeks
Fungal Tinea infections: Tinea corporis - Ringworm. Tinea cruris - "Jock itch." Tinea capitis - scaling and balding. Tinea pedis - "Athlete's foot."
Fungal Affect superficial layers of skin and mucous membranes.
Bacterial Acute streptococcal or staphylococcal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Red, warm, may have lymphadenopathy Assess: color, temperature, symmetry, measurement (& growth)
Bacterial Highly contagious Group A streptococcal infection. (Generally, occurs on face, around mouth and nose).
Bacterial Inflammation of the hair follicles
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus; an infectious disease caused by a pathogen that is resistant to many antibiotics
Arthropods Highly contagious mite Sarcoptes scabiei.
Arthropods Majority from black widow or brown recluse spiders.
A) Asymmetry: one side does not match other B) Border Irregularity: edges are irregular and blotched C) Color: shades of brown, tan, black, red, white, blue D) Diameter: greater than 6mm E) Elevation - Change in vertical growth F) Feeling - reported sensation of itching, tingling, stinging
Abuse Discoloration from blood seeping into tissues resulting from trauma. Distinct patterns Age of bruises Location Story