Final Exam

Baroque Dates

1600-1750

The importance of the performer

Performers are becoming "professionals"; Listeners are not active participants (Chp 13 Slide 8)

How ornamentation was implemented

A means for moving the affections (Chp 13 Slide 21)

Opera/Musical Theater styles in Italy

Opera leading musical genre; Venice remained center of opera (Chp 17 Slides 2-3)

Opera/Musical Theater styles in Germany

Italian opera became central to musical life in court; Adopted recitative style of Italian opera (Chp 17 Slide 21)

Opera/Musical Theater styles in England

Attempted to introduce Italian opera, but most people didn't want it; Masque, shared aspects of opera (Chp 16 Slide 18)

Prima practica

Stands for "first practice"; Had to follow its own rules and thus dominated the verbal text (Chp 13 Slide 13)

Seconda practica

Stands for "second practice"; the music serves to heighten the effect and rhetorical power of words; voice leading rules may be broken and dissonance can be used more freely (Chp 13 Slide 13)

Artusi-Monteverdi Debate

Artusi criticized Monteverdi at breaking his own rules, Monteverdi responded in a preface to a book of his madrigals (Chp 13 Slide 12)

Importance of The Well-Tempered Clavier

Best known keyboard works (2 books) written in 1722 by Johann Sebastian Bach (Chp 19 Slide 6)

Importance of Venice for opera

Venice was the most glamorous city in Europe (Chp 18 Slide 6); Teatro San Cassiano first public opera house opened in 1637 (Chp 14 Slide 16)

First surviving opera

Opera: Dafne Composer: Jacopo Peri (Chp 14 Slide 7)

Ritornello form for concertos

For full orchestra alternating with episodes characterized by virtuosic material played by one of more soloist (Chp 18 Slide 10)

Traite de l’harmonie

Written by Jean-Philippe Rameau in 1722; It described music and how to write it based on the tonal system used today in classical music. (Chp 18 Slide 15)

English oratorio

A genre of music invented by Handel in the 1730s; Similar to Italian oratorios (Chp 19 Slide 13)

Continuo instruments

Typical continuo instruments include harpsichord, organ, lute, theorbo (also called chittarrone) large lute with extra bass strings (Chp 13 Slide 15)

Names and order of German dance suites

allemande, courante, sarabande, and gigue (Chp 19 Slide 6)

Florentine Camerata

A group where scholars discussed literature, science, the arts, and musicians performed new music; Members include Galilei, Caccini, and Peri (Chp 14 Slide 5)

Basso continuo

Italian for "continuous bass"; system of notation; melody and bass line present, but left it to the performer to fill in the chords (Chp 13 Slide 15)

Opera

Greek Tragedies in modern form, fully sung (Chp 14 Slide 7)

Monody

term used by modern historians to embrace all the styles of accompanied solo singing practiced in the late 16th/early 17th centuries (Chp 14 Slide 6)

Affections

Rationalized emotions such as sadness, joy, anger, love, fear, excitement, or wonder (Chp 13 Slide 9)

Cadenza

Virtuosity passage typically near the end of a concerto or other work.

Da capo aria

Dominant form by the end of the century; 2 sections, 1 section repeated (ABA form) (Chp 17 Slide 3)

Ritornello

Standard form for fast movements in concertos of this time; Vivaldi followed this form (Chp 18 Slide 10)

Castrati

Males who were castrated before puberty retained their high vocal range (Chp 14 Slide 15)

Concertato

Combining voices with instruments playing different parts (Chp 13 Slide 17)

Recitativo secco

Stands for dry recitative; stretches dialogue in a speech like manner, accompanied by basso continuo only (Chp 19 Slide 12)

Recitativo accompagnato

Stirring and impressive orchestral outburst to dramatize tense situations (Chp 19 Slide 12)

Monteverdi

First widely renowned composer of opera, wrote only vocal works; Notable works: L'Orfeo, L'Arianna, Combattimento di Tancredi e Clorinda (Chp 14 Slides 10-13)

Bach

Focused on genres used in Lutheran services; Notable works: The Well-Tempered Clavier, Six suites for cello, St. John Passion, St. Matthew Passion, Mass in B Minor (Chp 19 Slides 3-9)

Handel

One of the greatest composers of his era; Best known for English oratorios; Notable works: Almira, Rinaldo, Messiah, Water Music (Chp 19 Slides 10-15)

Vivaldi

Best known Italian composer of the early 18th century; Generally followed 3 movement structure and Ritornello Form; Notable works: The Four Seasons (Chp 18 Slide 7-10)

Purcell

Englands leading composer; Notable works: Dido and Aenas (Chp 16 Slide 20-22)

Lully

Created distinctive "French" Opera; Notable works: Armide (Chp 16 Slide 7-11)

Strozzi

One of the most prolific composers of vocal chamber music in the 17th century; Notable works: Lagrime mie (Chp 15 Slides 4-5)

Schütz

Known for his church music; Notable works: Symphoniae sacrae (Chp 15 Slide 12-14)