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Endocrine System: Hormones

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Biology

Anatomy

Mrs.Rogstad

12th

24 Terms

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1. membrane-bound receptor hormones
2. intracellular receptor hormones

The hormone cannot pass through the cells and needs a gated channel (non-steriods)

The hormone that can pass easily through cells. (Steroids)

1. Hormone binds to receptor causing receptor to change shape

2. Receptor binds to a subunit of the G protein inside the cell

3. Subunit releases GDP then binds with and it is actived by GTP

(check image)

4. Subunit combines with other proteins to either:
1. Open ion channels when Ca2+ acts as an intracellular mediator
Example: in smooth muscle

OR

2. Activate cAMP (adenylate cyclase converts ATP to cAMP) whcih activates enzymes through phosphorylation (attachment of phosphates) to increase or decrease their activity
Example: Glucagon increases release of glucose in liver

What is Intracellular Receptors?

They can pass through cells but interact with DNA to produce a new one. Takes several hours as they are creating a new one. (Ex:Steroid hormone)

What is frequency modulated system?

What is Chronic Hormone Regulation?

Relatively constant concentrations are maintained for long periods of time, Ex: GH or Thyroid

What is Acute Hormone Regulation?

Hormone rapidly increases in response to stimulus. Example: Epinephrine

Cyclic Hormone Regulation

Increases and decreases in the concentration occur at roughly the same time and in the same amount. Example: Estrogen and Progesterone (period cycles)