Biochemistry Quiz 3

Myoglobin's function depends on what 2 things?

ability to bind to oxygen ability to release oxygen where and when needed

Is binding of a protein and ligand reversible?

Yes

What is the symbol for the association constant?

Ka

coordinated set of interactions among many classes of proteins, molecules, and cell types

immune response

white blood cells

leukocyte

what are the 2 complementary systems of the immune response

humoral and cellular immune system

what does the humoral immune system do and what type of cells?

directed at bacterial infections and extracellular viruses, B cells

What does the cellular immune system do and what type of cells?

destroys infected host cells, parasites, and foreign tissues, T cells

First line of defense

innate immunity

what kind of immunity is nonspecific

innate immunity

what kind of immunity is specific

adaptive immunity

what type of immunity produces B cell antibodies

adaptive

what type of immunity produces white blood cells (natural killer cells)

innate

What type of immunity has memory functions

adaptive

what 2 types of cells are in the cellular immune response

Cytotoxic T cells and Helper T cells

What type of cell produce soluble signaling proteins called cytokines

Helper T cells

What type of cell recognizes infected cells or parasites by using cell receptors on its surface

Cytotoxic T cells

antibodies are also called

immunoglobulins

immunoglobulins do what?

bind bacteria, viruses, and other foreign molecules and target them for destruction

what type of cell produces antibodies/ immunoglobulins?

B cells

How many heavy and light chains does an immunoglobulin have?

2 of each

How many domains does an immunoglobulin have?

12

How many subunits does an immunoglobulin have?

4

How many domains are constant in the immunoglobulins?

8

Why are there domains in the immunoglobulins that vary?

Because these are the antigen binding sites

The Fab regions do what?

bind antigen (1 site per branch)

Fc region does what

facilitate biological activity

what motif is found in immunoglobulins?

immunoglobulin fold

the antibody hinge region is rich in what

proline (to prevent globular folding)

molecule or pathogen capable of eliciting an immune response

antigen

small molecules that can elicit an immune response when covalently attached to large proteins

hapten

antibodies or T cell receptors bind to this part of the antigen

epitope

what type of forces facilitate contact between antibody and antigen

non covalent

conformational changes in the antibody and/or antigen allow the complementary groups to interact fully

induced fit

contain a mixture of antibodies that recognize different parts of the protein

polyclonal antibodies

produced by injecting a protein into an animal

polyclonal antibodies

homogeneous, all recognizing the same epitope.

monoclonal antibodies

Synthesized by a population of identical B cells (a clone)

monoclonal antibodies

2 antibody techniques

ELISA and Western blot/ immunoblot

ELISA stand for what?

Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Helicobacter pylori is a gram positive or gram negative bacteria?

gram negative

In the primer article Ha et. al, how many trimeric structures are there in of H. Pylori urease.

4 trimeric units

In Ha et al. how many domain(s) are/is there in the beta subunit of each trimeric unit.

2 domain per beta subunit

In Ha et al. where do they say the active site/s are located?

in the alpha subunit (1 per unit)

How many active sites are there in H. Pylori Urease?

12

How many alpha and beta subunits are there in one trimeric unit?

Each trimeric unit is composed of 3 monomers. Each monomer has 1 alpha and 1 beta. Thus in a trimeric unit there are 3 alphas and 3 betas.

What is attached at the c-terminus of the beta subunit?

amino acids for the formation of the trimer

H. Pylori urease is what kind of assembly?

dodecameric

What did they do in the Ha et al. paper?

Crystalized H. Pylori and determined its structure.

Urease activity _____ over time when in the presence of AHA (inhibitor)

decreases

When urease is not paired with AHA (inhibitor), the the amount of ammonia _____ the longer it is incubated?

increases

What type of cells does the humoral response use?

B cell/ immunoglobulins