History Chapter 10

Queen Liluokalani

the Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests

Imperialism

The policy of extending a nation's authority over other countries by economic, political, or military means

Alfred T. Mahan

Admiral of the U.S. Navy who urged government officials to build up American naval power in order to compete with other powerful nations; urged the U.S. to establish naval bases in the Caribbean, to construct a canal across the Isthmus of Panama, and to acquire Hawaii and other Pacific Islands

William Seward

Secretary of State who was responsible for purchasing Alaskan Territory from Russia. By purchasing Alaska, he expanded the territory of the country at a reasonable price.

Pearl Harbor

The Kingdom's best port; was a regueling station for American Ships; in Hawaii

Sanford B. Dole

American businessman who became president of the new government of Hawaii after the queen was pushed out

Jose Marti

Cuban poet and journalist who organized a guerilla revolution against Spain in 1895- "Cuba Libre" free Cuba was his battle cry-and sought US support and intervention.

Valeriano Weyler

General sent from Spain to Cuba to restore order in 1896; set up concentration camps

Yellow Journalism

sensational style of writing, which exaggerates the news to lure and enrage readers

USS Maine

was sent to Cuba to bring home American citizens in danger; it blew up in the harbor of the Havana

260

How many men were killed when the Maine blew up in the harbor of the Havana

George Dewey

A United States naval officer remembered for his victory at Manila Bay in the Spanish-American War, U.S. naval commander who led the American attack on the Philippines

Rough Riders

Volunteer regiment of US Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt and Leonard Wood during the Spanish American War

San Juan Hill

Site of the most famous battle of the Spanish-American war, where Theodore Roosevelt successfully leads the Rough Riders in a charge against the Spanish trenches

Treaty of Paris

(1898) treaty that ended the Spanish American war. Provided that Cuba be free from Spain.

Manifest destiny

Another name for imperialism

Anglo-Saxons

Had the greatest racial superiority

McKinley Tariff

1890 tariff that provoked crisis by eliminating the duty-free status of Hawaiian sugar

61 years

How many years did it take for Hawaii to become a state after it was proclaimed American territory

90 miles

How far is Cuba from Florida

Puerto Rico

Where American troops invaded on July 25

Desire for military strength, thirst for new markers, and belief in cultural superiority

Three factors that fueled the new American imperialism

Ethiopia and Liberia

two African countries that remained free from European control in 1914

3rd

What was the U.S. ranked in terms of naval power

foreign trade

the solution to American over-production and the related problems of unemployment and economic depression

Social Darwinism

a belief that free-market competition would lead to the survival of the fittest

Seward's folly

many criticized William Seward's purchase of Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million calling it _______

1959

When did Hawaii become the 50th state of the United States

They would rather see Cuba sink in the ocean

How did Spain respond to America seeking to purchase Cuba

1886

Year Cuban people forced Spain to abolish slavery

William Randolph Hearst

a leading newspaperman of his times, he ran The New York Journal and helped create and propagate "yellow (sensationalist) journalism

Joseph Pulitzer

He used yellow journalism in competition with Hears to sell more newspapers. He ran The New York World

De Lome Letter

Spanish Ambassador's letter that was illegally removed from the U.S. Mail and published by American newspapers. It criticized President McKinley in insulting terms. Used in yellow journalism articles

U.S. declared War

What happened on April 20th 1898

Philippine Islands

where the first battle of the Spanish-American War took place

Emilio Aguinaldo

Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain; also the leader of the Filipino revolt against the United States

125,000

Number of Americans who volunteered to fight in the war

armistice

a cease-fire agreement

february 6, 1899

When did the Senate approve the Treaty of Paris

Foraker Act

legislation passed by congress in 19000, in which the U.S. ended military rule in Puerto Rico and set up a civil government; gave the president of the U.S. the power to appoint Puerto Rico's governor and members of the upper hose of its legislature

Platt Amendment

a series of provisions that, in 1901, the United States insisted Cuba add to its new constitution commanding Cuba to stay out of debt and giving the United States the right to intervene in the country and the right to buy or lease Cuban land for naval and fueling stations

Protectorate

a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power

John Hay

Person who wrote the open door notes

Open Door Notes

messages sent in 1899 to Germany, Russia, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan, asking the countries not to interfere with U.S. trading rights in China

Boxer Rebellion

rebellion in which members of a Chinese secret society sought to free their country from Western influence

Some wanted independence and some wanted statehood

What was the debate over Puerto Rico after the Spanish-American War

Insular Cases

Cases in which the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution did not automatically apply to people in acquired territories

1917

Year that Puerto Ricans were extended the right to vote

Teller Amendment

piece of legislation that states that the United States had no intention of taking over any part of Cuba.

yellow fever

What disease did the military government in Cuba eliminate

February 1899

When did the Filipinos rise in revolt against the U.S.

70,000

How many troops were sent to the Philippines

20,000

How many Filipino rebels died fighting for independence

4,000

How many Americans died in the Philippine-American War

$400 million

How much did the Philippine-American war cost

July 4, 1946

When did the Philippines become an independent republic

sick man of Asia

What was China known as when they were weakened by war and foreign trade

spheres of influence

areas where each nation claimed special rights and economic privileges

Righteous and Harmonious fists

What were the "boxers" real names

Second Open Door Notes

These announced that the U.S. would safeguard for the world the principle of equal and impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese Empire

Anti-Imperialist League

Grover Cleveland, Andrew Carnegie, Jane Addams, and many leading writers made up the _____

Panama Canal

an artificial waterway cut through the Isthmus of Panama to provide a shortcut between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, opened in 1914

Roosevelt Corollary

an extension of the Monroe Doctrine, announced by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1904, under which the United States claimed the right to protect its economic interests by means of military intervention in the affairs of Western Hemisphere nations

dollar diplomacy

the U.S. policy of using the nation's economic power to exert influence over other countries

Francisco "Pancho" Villa

A fierce nationalist who frequently supported the U.S. and then threatened reprisals against them

Emiliano Zapata

son of a metizo peasant who was dedicated to helping the poor

John J. Pershing

Person who was sent with an expeditionary force of about 15,000 soldiers into Mexico to capture Villa dead or alive

Francisco Madero

Along with peasants and workers, he overthrew Profirio diaz

Porfirio Diaz

He had ruled Mexico for more than 3 decades; friend of the U.S., had encouraged foreign investment Mexico

Victoriano Huerta

Who took over the Mexican government after Diaz; Wilson called his government the government of buthcers

Venustiano Carranza

Became the president of Mexico after huerta in 1915

Alvaro Obregon

In 1920, he became President marking the end of civil war and the beginning of reform

missionary diplomacy

Piece of legislature where the U.S. had a moral responsibility to deny recognition to any Latin American government it viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to U.S. interests