Exams 1+2, Big Quizzes 1+2

Which one of the follwoing scenarios is the best example of Homeostasis? a. Water temperature changes rapidly when exposed to direct sunlight b. Offspring have the same genetic material of the two parents, half from each parent c. During heavy exercise you blood pH may decrease slightly, from 7.4 to 7.3 d. Body temperature is controlled precisely at 98.6 F at all times

c. During heavy exercise you blood pH may decrease slightly, from 7.4 to 7.3

Which one of the following shows the correct classifications levels, from more inclusive (has more organisms) to less inclusive (has less organisms)? a. Order - Family - Phylum b.. Kingdom - Domain - Phylum c. Family - Genus - Class d. Phylum - Family - Order e. Class - Order - Family

e. Class - Order - Family

The exoskeleton of insects is composed of a. calcium carbonate b. sulfhydryl functional groups c. cellulose d. chitin e. tertiary prolylpeptides

d. chitin

You are exercising. Which polysaccharide would your body use for energy? a. glycogen b. amylose c. amylopectin d. monounsaturated triglyceride e. tertiary polypeptides

a. glycogen

an atom of Oxygen has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons. How many electrons will be in the outermost electron shell? a. zero b. 1 c. 2 d. 6 e. all 8

d. 6

Organisms capable of inhabiting Earth's most extreme environments, such as volcanic springs and acid pools, belong to which group? a. Domain Animalia b. Domain Archaea c. Domain Bacteria d. Domain Extremophilia e. Domain Fungi

b. Domain Archaea

Which one of the following has α-glucose as a component? a. Glycogen b. α-Helix c. Cellulose d. Chitin e. Phosphoglycan

a. Glycogen

On food packages, to what does the term fiber usually refer? a. cellulose b. polypeptides c. starch d. amylopectin

a. cellulose

Which two functional groups are seen in this moelecule? a. Mathyl and Sulfydrly b. Amino and Carboxyl c. Nitrogyl and Hydroxyl d. Isomoer and Oxyene

b. Amino and Carboxyl

Amylose and Amylopectin are a. wrapped around eachother b. joined together with peptide bonds c. foind in adipose tissue d. polysacchardies in plants

d. polysacchardies in plants

The quaaternary structure of a protien a. involves polar R groups but not nonpolar R groups b. includes α-folds and β-helices c. is the interaction between multiple polypeptides d. all of the above

c. is the interaction between multiple polypeptides

How many covalent bonds can a Carbon atom form? a. 1 b. 3 c. 3 d. 4 e. None, oxygen only forms hydrogen bonds

d. 4

Individual pentoses and hexoses are a. amino acid monomers that can combine to form prote9n polymers a. amino acid monimers that can combine to foirm protein polymers b. dissolved when inside a cell c. joined together to form disaccharides and plysaccharides through hydrolysis reactions d. usually nonpolar since they consis almost exlusively of C and H

b. dissolved when inside a cell

The abbreviation for and atom of Potassium is a. P b. Po. c. Pt. d. Na e. K

e. K

The "Scientific Method" a. is useful for studying living organisms, nut not for studying geology or astronomy b. uses deductive reasoning to make predictions and test those predictions c. is used to scientifically prove certain facts d. is always correct

b. uses deductive reasoning to make predictions and test those predictions

How do Isotopes of the same element differ from each other? a. number of protons b. shell electron distribution c. number of electrons d. number of neutrons e. different arrangements of the same atoms to form a different molecule

d. number of neutrons

A hydrophillic molecule a. is likely to have only C and H atoms b. will not have any functional groups c. will have polar covelent bonds d. will ahve equal sharing of electrons betweem adjeacent atoms

c. will have polar covelent bonds

A molecule of water (H2O0 is polar because a. the oxygen atom is electronegative b. the protons of the two H atoms spend most of their time around the O atom c. the shared electrons spend most of their tine around the hydrogen atoms, especially the S+ hydrogen atom d. one end of the molecule is highly positive while the other two ends are highly negative

a. the oxygen atom is electronegative

_____________ reactions form bonds between monomers to form a polymer, and _____ reactions break bonds in a polymer to form individual monomers. a. Lipolysis; Condensation b. Polymerization; Monomerization c. Dehydration; Hydrolysis d. Peptidyl; Lysergic

c. Dehydration; Hydrolysis

The tertiary structure of a polypeptide is determined by a. the formation of α-sheets b. hydrogen bonding between adjacent monosaccharides c. interactions of amino acid R groups d. interactions between multiple polypeptides

c. interactions of amino acid R groups

Which one of the following is the oxidized form of an electron carrier molecule? a. IDONTCARE b. REDOX c. NADH d. TGIF e. FAD

e. FAD

A bacterial toxin destroys Kinesins. Which of the following would be most affected by this toxin? a. Intercellular movement of organelles and vesicles b. ability of intestinal cells to have increased surface area c. connection of extracellular matix components d. Passage of molecules from the cytosol of one cell to the cytosol of another cell

a. Intercellular movement of organelles and vesicles

Why do your cells produce LActate under anerobic conditions? a. to give high-energy electrongs to the Electron Transport Chain b. to regenerate NAD+ so Glycolysis can stiull function c. to produce high concentrations of Lactate in the mitochondrial matrix which acan be used to make ATP d. to make H+ which can be "pumped" by Complexes I, III, and IV

b. to regenerate NAD+ so Glycolysis can stiull function

An animal cell is lacking the proper carbohydrates on the external surface of its plasma membrane. What might have caused this problem? a. Improper functioning of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum b. Few unsaturated fatty acid "tails" attached to the phospholipids c. Ribosomes are defective and did not attach the proper carbohydrates d. Nonpolar monosaccharides will appear in the middle of the bilayer rather than on the outside of the membrane

a. Improper functioning of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

In the Chloroplast Electron Transport Chain, where do electrons come from? What is the SOURCE of electrons? a. Light Harvesting Complex of Photosystem II b. NADH c. O2 d. H20 e. Photosystem I

d. H20

A dietary deficiency of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) would cause a significant reduction in which one of the following? a. NADH b. FADH2 c. Ribose d. Glucose

b. FADH2

During aerobic metabolism in your mitochondria, electrons travel in which sequence? a. glucose -> ATP -> electron transport chain -> NADH b. food -> NADH ->electron transport chain -> oxygen c. glucose -> pyruvate -> ATP -> oxygen d. food -> glycolysis -> citric acid cycle e. food -> citric acid cycle -> ATP -> NADP+

b. food -> NADH ->electron transport chain -> oxygen

How many molecules of NADH are produced by the Citric Acid Cycle for each molecule of Acetyl Coenzyme A that enter the Cycle? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5

c. 3

ATP Synthase a. is found on the inner membrane of mitochondria b. is reduced by receiving high-energy electrons from NADH c. releases 6 CO2 for each Glucose passing through it d. produces ATP in the cytosol during Glycolysis

a. is found on the inner membrane of mitochondria

A genetic mutation reduces the number of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum in a muscle cell. What effect would this mutation have on the cell? a. increased ATP transport b. increased autophagy c. increased misfolding of newly-formed polypeptides d. reduced phospholipid synthesis

d. reduced phospholipid synthesis

Light Harvesting Complexes are found a. in the Stroma b. on the surface of leaf Epidermal Cells c. on the Thylakoid Membranes d. associated with mitochondrial Complex, I, II, III, and IV

c. on the Thylakoid Membranes

Three molecules of CO2 enter into the Calvin Cycle. Which of the following molecules is released from the Calvin Cycle? a. Pyruvates b. Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate c. Calvinate d. Pepco e. all of the above

b. Glyceradehyde-3-Phosphate

Which molecule is the product formed by the normal reaction catalyzed by the enzyme RUBISCO? a. Phosphoglycerate b. Ribulose bisphosphate c. Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate d. Glucose e. O2

a. Phosphoglycerate

The "Reaction Center Complex" of Photosystem I a. produces O2 from H2O b. receives electrons from its Oxygen Evolving Complex c. receives electrons from its Light Harvesting Complex d. receives electrons from NADPH e. receives electrons that came from Photosystem II

e. receives electrons that came from Photosystem II

RUBISCO is associated with the biological boo-boo. What is the biological boo-boo a. O2 can bind to its active site b. CO2 can bind to its active site c. it can block the functioning of mitochondrial ATP Synthase if O2 is not present d. it can block the transfer of electrons from Photosystem II to Photosystem I

a. O2 can bind to its active site

During carbon "fixation" in plants with the C3 cycle, a molecule of CO2 is added to a molecule of a. phosphoglycerate b. glucose c. ribulose bisphosphate d. Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate e. phosphoenolpyruvate

c. ribulose bisphosphate

One symptom of Crohn's disease is that material passing through the small intestine can "leak" between the columnar cells into the underlying tissue. Which cellular component may not be functioning properly and could allow this leaking between cells? a. Desmosomes b. Tight Junctions c. Gap Junctions d. Chromoplasts

b. Tight Junctions

Many chemotherapy drugs are designed to destroy the Actin proteins in cancer cells. How are these cancer cells affected? a. Microfilaments will not be formed H2O2 will increase and kill the cancer c. Cancer cells will no longer be able to attach themselves to other cancer cells d. Microtubules will not be formed

a. Microfilaments will not be formed

Which one of the following is true regarding Maple Trees at night? a. The can continue to generate ATP using photorespiration b. They do not need ATP, so the lack of photosynthesis is not a problem c. They can substitute NADPH for ATP as a phosphate donor d. They can make ATP using glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation

d. They can make ATP using glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation

Autophagy a. is the self-destruction of cells ("cell suicide") b. refers to vesicles from the Golgi Apparatus releasing digestive enzymes through exocytosis c. is the process by which immune cells destroy bacteria and viruses d. involves Lysosomes destroying old and damages organelles

d. involves Lysosomes destroying old and damages organelles

I love rice Krispies. Doesnt everyone? a bowl of ric3e Krispies is 76% startch. What is startch a. protein b. the crunchie outside of an insect c. monomer d. nucleotide e. polysaccharide

e. polysaccharide

α-helicies and β-sheets are a. different types of glucose monomers b. different ways in which phospholipids form the lipid bilayer of membranes c. very non-polar due to C and H atoms d. common folding patterns in polypeptides

d. common folding patterns in polypeptides

Two atoms are joined by an Ionic bond. which one of the following statements is true regarding the cation. a. the cation received an extra electron from the anion b. it has a covalent bond to the other atom c. it has a net positive charge d. the number of protons in now greater than the number of neutrons

c. it has a net positive charge

Your whole body is about 70% water. This high water content assists in maintaining temperature homeostasis because water has a a. low heat of vaporization b. tendency to soak up heat like a sponge, maintaining a relatively high temperature c. high capacity for cohesion and adhesion d. high specific heat capacity

d. high specific heat capacity

Prokaryotic chromosomes a. make phospholipids b. are formed by a circular DNA double helix c. are made of tightly packed ribonucleic acids and proteins d. are found in the cytoplasm of bone marrow stem cells

c. are made of tightly packed ribonucleic acids and proteins

A hydrophilic molecule a. will have polar covalent bonds b. is likely to have C and H atoms c. will not be dissolved inside of a cell d. will have equal sharing of electrons between adjacent atoms

a. will have polar covalent bonds

Which of the following moelcules would move most rapidly thought the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrand using simple diffusion? a.water b. α-Glucose (but not β-Glucose) c. a triglyceride d. mRNA e. ATP

c. a triglyceride

Individual prentoses and hexoses are a. amino acid monomers that can camobnine to form proteins poltmers b. joined together to form disaccharies and polysaccharides thropugh hydrolysis reactions c. usually nonpolar since they consist almost exlusively of C and H d. dissolved inside of a cell

d. dissolved inside of a cell

Inductive reasoning a. involves making a hypothesis and testing it b. makes broad generalizations from specific observations c. males specific predictions based o na broad theory d. requires roof, not theory

b. makes broad generalizations from specific observations

The secondary cell wall of plants a. is the main thick portion, giving these cells their shape and strength b. consists primarily of proteins and nucleotides c. is next to the cell nucleus on mature, non-growing cells d. is secondary in importance, with the primary wall being the thickest and strongest

a. is the main thick portion, giving these cells their shape and strength

Useable energy in a molecule of ATP a. is greater than any otyher molecule in a cell, which is why ATP is used as the energy currency b. can be coupled to an endergonic reaciont c. is used for Carrier-Mediated Diffusion d. is released as heat

b. can be coupled to an endergonic reaciont

The pH inside of a kidney cell is 7.1, and the pH outside of the cell is 7.4. If the pH inside of the cell needs to change from 7.1 to 7.0, which of the following should happen? a. active transport of H+ against their concentration gradient b. carrier-mediated diffusion of H+ from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell c. opening of H+ channels d. increased pH buffering ability inside of the cell

a. active transport of H+ against their concentration gradient

Carrier-Mediated Diffusion is important for the movement of which of the following molecules through a membrane? a. Monosaccharides b. Amylopectin c. Na+ and K+ d. Steroids and Fatty Acids

a. Monosaccharides

What is the name of this functional group? a. carbonyl b. formyl c. amino d. hydroxyl e. carboxyl

e. carboxyl

Cells in your lungs allow the simple diffusion of O2 and CO2. These cells probably have which shape? a. columnar b. cuboidal c. spherical d. cylindrical e. squamous

e. squamous

Antiboitics suh as Streptimycin and Erythromycin kill bateria by inhibiting becterial "translation". What might be the actual mechanism of these antibiotics? a. unravel the double-helix RNA in the nucleus of the bacteria b. block the functioning of teh bacterial ribosomes c. break down the bacterial glycogen which will inhibit the translation of carbohydraye energy c. break down the bacterial glycogen which will inhibit the translation of carbohydrate energy to ATP energy d. block the entrance of the backterial cells into your intestinal cells

b. block the functioning of teh bacterial ribosomes

Which one of the following is TRUE about Phospholipids? a. they have the typical monomer-polymer relationship as the other macromolecules b. the nonpolar sections will interact with water due to H-bonding, while the polar "tails" clump together in the interior of the bilayer. c. they form triglycerides in adipose tissue d. they consist of a diglyceride and a polar head group

d. they consist of a diglyceride and a polar head group

This molecule is Caffeine. Which of the follwoing statements is correct about this moelcule? a. it is polar b. it is nonpolar c. it would dissolve in hydrocarbons (such as oils) d. it is a saturated molecule e. it is the Magic Fluid of Life (no, this is Not the correct answer)

a. it is polar

Your nerve cells release thousands of neurotransmitter molecules (such as dopamine and serotonin) through which one of the following processes? a. Endocytosis b. Exocytosis c. Uniport d. Symport e. Antiport

b. Exocytosis

Water can pass quickly through the plasma membrane of a kidney cell becuase a. water movement is coupled with the use of ATP b. it moves through Aquaporincs in the membrane c. it is a small ionic molecule d. the bilayer is mainly hydrophillic

b. it moves through Aquaporincs in the membrane

Adenine and Guanine are a. saturated fatty acids b. polar head groups c. pyrimidines, single-ring structures d. purines, double-ring structures

d. purines, double-ring structures

Tropical sea cucumbers excrete urine that has a high concentration of molecular phosphate, while the surroinding seawater is devoid of phosphate. Corals need phosphate in order to grow. Possibly, corals are able to take up the phosphate that is excreted in the sea cucumber urine. The previous sentence is best described as a(n) a. opinion b. hypothesis c. fact d. theory e. postulate

b. hypothesis

Which one of the follwoing shows the correct order of classifcation groups, from most inclusve (largest group) to the least inclusive (smallest group)? a. Kingdom -> Phylum -> Class -> Domain -> Order -> Genus -> Family -> Species b. Domain -> Kingdom -> Family -> Order -> Genus -> Phylum -> Species c. Domain -> Kingdom -> Phylum -> Class -> Order -> Family -> Genus -> Species d. Species -> Genus -> Kingdom -> Order -> Family -> Phylum -> Domain -> Class

c. Domain -> Kingdom -> Phylum -> Class -> Order -> Family -> Genus -> Species

Why are cells so small? Wh can't you consist of just a single cell? a. large cells would have membrane stabilization problems; membranes would have a greater change of ripping b. large cells would have difficulty transporting molecules to the middle of the cell c. small cells are more energetically active and can have a higher mmetabolic rate than large cells d. a large cell may have only one or a few funciotns, while many small cells can have many indicudual functions e. all of the above

b. large cells would have difficulty transporting molecules to the middle of the cell

Halfwaydone!! Do you want some free points? a. YES!! b. No, I choose to get this question wrong c. I don't beleve anything in life is free d. this must be some type of fradulent hoax, a conspiracy e. I have fallen asleep and I am not ansering any more questions f. Whatever

a. YES!!

A genertic defect in a plant cell prohibits the production of Amylose in the cell. What immediate effect will this have? a. decrased pyrimidines for DNA synthesis b. reduction in energy storage c. decreased phosphlipids in the plasma membrane d. loss of stregnth in the primary and secondary cell walls

b. reduction in energy storage

Bacteria of the genus Erwinia use exocitosis to secrete an enxyme that destroys Pectn molecules. How will this enzyme assist the bacteria? a. destroy other bacteria b. allows them to use active transport processes such as carrier-mediated diffusion to take up "food" c. break down phospholipid bilayers on human intestinal cells d. enable them to break down plant cell walls and enter the plant cells

d. enable them to break down plant cell walls and enter the plant cells

You sweate in order to leose heat. This process is an example of water's a. a high heat capacity b. high heat of vaporization c. cohesion d. adhesions e. density

b. high heat of vaporization

Carbohydrates on the outside of your red blood cells determine your blood type. How are these carbohydrates attached to the red blood cell plasma membranes? a. they are attached to proteins and lipids b. with the nonpolar monosaccharides on the inside of the membrane, and the polar monosaccharides on the outside of the membrane. c. they form transmembrane α-helices that pass all the way through the membrane d. the carbohydrate hydrophobic fatty acid tails are in the middle of the lipid bilayer

a. they are attached to proteins and lipids

"Science" can best be described as a. finding universal facts b. a self-correcting process in th search for truth about the natural world c. proving the existence of a Creator God d. scientists testing their personal theories e. all of the above

b. a self-correcting process in th search for truth about the natural world

Celery stalks that are immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and firm. Celery stalks left in a high salt solution become very soft. From this information we can conclude that the cells of the celery stalks normally are a. hyposmotic to both fresh water and the salt solution b. hyperosmotic to both fresh water and the salt solution c. hyperosmotic to fresh water but hyposmotic to the salt solution d. hyposmotic to fresh water but hyperosmotic to the salt solution e. isosmotic to both fresh water and the salt solution

c. hyperosmotic to fresh water but hyposmotic to the salt solution

During heavy exercise your cells produce lots of H+. However, molecular buffers "soak up" most of them so the actual cellular concentration of H+ does not change very much. This represents a. intraspecific variation b. adaptation to changes in the environment c. homeostasis d. prokaryotic variation

c. homeostasis

According to science's current understanding of an atom, electrons a. are found within an electron could called a "Shell" b. have a neutral charge c. circle the nucleus of the atom in an "orbit" , similar to the way planets circle the sun d. are at their highest energy state when they are close to the nucleus

a. are found within an electron could called a "Shell"

Which one of the following is a characteristic of Enzymes? a. Enzymes slow down reactions which in the absence of enzymes would occur tooquickly for life to occur b. Chemical reactions occur in the Active Site c. These carbohydrates have complex three-dimensional structures, their "conformation" d. Sustrate molecules are converted to Product moleules in the Allosteric Site

b. Chemical reactions occur in the Active Site

A Multipass Protein a. circulates multiple times through blood vessels b. causes messenger RNa to be translated c. occurs in the cytosol d. has polar and nonpolar amino acids

d. has polar and nonpolar amino acids

A phospholipid with two saturated fatty acids a. is more likely to be found in a very flexible membrane than in an inflexible membrane b. will be more polar than a phospholipid with only on esatuared fatty acid c. has fewer double bonds than a phospholpid with unsaturated fatty acids d. usually will have several hydroxyl function groups

c. has fewer double bonds than a phospholpid with unsaturated fatty acids

An allosteric inhibitor would a. reduce the number of saturated bonds in a hydrocarbon b. bind to an enzyme at a site other than the Active Site c. prevent polar meolvules from forming hydogen bonds with each other d. stop endocytosis by blocking the bindign of a vesicle to a membrane

b. bind to an enzyme at a site other than the Active Site

A disease causes a reduction of the production of Glyceral in your liver; your liver does not make Glycerol. Your liver therfore would most liekly also have a lowe concentration of a. fats b. purines c. β-glucose d. nucleic acids

a. fats

Animals and bacteria are grouped into different Domains because a. animals are multicellular while bacteria can be either multicellular or unicellular b. bacteria are not made of cells c. animals have a nucleus, which bacteria lack d. bacteria decompose dead animals e, bacteria use a different energy source than ATP, which is used by animals

c. animals have a nucleus, which bacteria lack

Compared with 31P, the isotope 32P has a. one more proton b. one more electron c. a diferent atomic number d. one more neutron

d. one more neutron

ATP consists of a. three fatty acids +glycerol b. amylose + thymine + pentose c. three phosphates +ribose +adenine d. three phosphlipids +pryimidine + cholesterol e. two fatty acids +glycerol +polar head group

c. three phosphates +ribose +adenine

A disease causes a reduction of the production of Thymine and Guanine in your liver; your liver does not make these molecules. Your liver therefore would most likely also have a low concentration of : a. β-glucose b. Glycogen c. Nucleic acids d. Fats e. ATP

c. Nucleic acids

Cholesterol a. is a steroid important for membrane strength and flexibility b. requires Active Transport and Protein Carriers to be moved out of cells c. easily dissolves in water since it is highly polar d. crosslinks Cellulose in plant cell walls

a. is a steroid impoortant for membrane strength and flecibiklity

You are bitten by a Black Widow spider (genus Latrodectus). The venom closes the "gate" on protein channels in your cardiac cells. Which type of cellular components will now have a difficult time crossing the plasma membranes of those cells? a. ions b. monosaccharides and nucleotides c. nonpolar amino acids d. steroids e. glycogen, amylose, and amylopectin

a. ions

Which scientist is known as "The father of Biological Microscopy", and looked for the little dude that lives inside of sperm cells? a. Robert Hooke b. Francis Crick c. James Watson d. Robert Brown e. Antoine van Leeuwenhoek

e. Antoine van Leeuwenhoek

Exergonic reactions a. need to use ATP in order for them to occur b. combine monomers to form polymers c. occur with a loss of energy, typically as heat d. occur when the energy state of the products is greater than the energy state of teh substrates

c. occur with a loss of energy, typically as heat

A "basic" solution is one that a. has a pH less than 7.0 b. contains an equal number of plar and nonplar molcules c. is very simple, usually containing only H2O d. has a greater [OH-] than [H+]

d. has a greater [OH-] than [H+]

Which one of the follwoing is a characteristic of unsaturated fatty acids? a. are more polar than saturatred fatty acisd b. usually pack more tightly than saturated fatty acids c. a greater number of C=C double bonds d. a greater number of c=O double bonds

c. a greater number of C=C double bonds

Cellulose a. is the most abundant protein in the world b. forms long "reinforcing rods" in plant cell walls c. forms celluloid fat d. is the major component of the middle lamella e. is used by insects to form their "exoskeleton"

b. forms long "reinforcing rods" in plant cell walls

What was the final score of the Seahawks game yesterday? a. SEAHAWKS 19 CARDINALS 9 b. there was a football game yesterday? c. what's football? d. what's a seahawk

a. SEAHAWKS 19 CARDINALS 9

During aerobic metabolism in mitochondria, what is the function of O2? a. it donates high energy electrons to NAD+ and FAD, which becomes NADH and FADH2 b. Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor at the end of the elctron transport chain c. it is produced in the CitricAcid Cycle d. is is used with the enzyme that converts Pyruvates to Acytle CoA

b. Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor at the end of the elctron transport chain

in which location would you expect to find the hoghest concentration of Collagens? a. In dense connective tissue such as a ligament b. in a chloroplast c. in the epithilia that lines the insede of your heart d. in salivary glands

a. In dense connective tissue such as a ligament

which molecule is the product formed by the normal reaction catalyzed by the enzyme RUBISCO? a. glucose b. O2 c. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate d. Pphosohpglycerate e. Ribulose bisphophate

d. Pphosohpglycerate

Myosin Storage Disease (MSD) occurs when Myosin is stored permanently in vesicles, and is never relased from the vesicles to perform its normal functions in a cell. Which of the follwoing would ocfur in someone with MSD? a. skeletal muscle weakness b. Cellular organells would not be held in their appropriate locations c. inability of cilia and flagella to move d. Cells would not be connected strongly to adjacent cells

a. skeletal muscle weakness

The primary function of the Light-Dependent Reactions in a chloroplast is to a. reduce phororespiration b. use O2 as the final electron acceptorr c. produce NADPH and ATP d. use PEPCO to comine RuBP and CO2

c. produce NADPH and ATP

CO2 that you exhale from your lings a. is first transported to your liver as part of the Lactate Cycle b. is origianlly produced in your mitochondira c. is formed when a molecule of Glucose is converted into two molecules of Lactate d. is pumped acress the inner mitochondrial membrane by Complexes I, III, and IV e. is produced by Photosystem II in chloroplasts

b. is origianlly produced in your mitochondira

How many moleucles of NADH are produced by the Citric Acid Cycle for each molecules of Acytl Coenzyme A that enter the Cycle? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5

c. 3

Peroxisomes in humans a. form H2O2 b. convert H2O2 to H2O and O2 c. are abundant in the liver and kidney tissues d. all of the above e. none of the above, Peroxizomes do not occur in human cells

d. all of the above

which one of teh follwoing is associated with the -70 mV resting membrane potential of a neuron? a. inside of the neuron contains only negatively charged ions, while the outside of the neuron contains only positively charged ions b. the outside of the neuron contains only negatively charged ions, while inside of the neuron contains only positively charged ions c. negatively charged calciul ions flow rapidly into the cell when calcuem channels are open d. the inside of the neuron has a high concentration of Cl- and negatively charged pritiens

d. the inside of the neuron has a high concentration of Cl- and negatively charged pritiens

How is O2 involved in the elcetron transport chain in Chlrorplasts? a. it is formed when water gives electrons to Photosystem II b. to be the "final electron acceptor" at the end of the electron transport chain c. to donate electrons to Photosystem I d. it is attached to the ATP Synthase, allowing ATP to be formed

a. it is formed when water gives electrons to Photosystem II

Autophagy a. is the self-desruction of cells ("cell-suiside") b. refers to vesicles form the Golgi Apparatus releasing digestive enzymes through exocytosis c. is the process by which immune cells destoy bacteria and viruses d. involves Lysossomes destoring old and amaged organeslls

d. involves Lysossomes destoring old and amaged organeslls

Myelin a. is a molecular motor that "walks" on Microfilaments, carrying vesicles and orgenells b. is foind in specialized glial cells, acting as insulation for axons c. acts as a "glue" to hold adjacent cells together d. forms long protein rods for stregth in the extracellularl matrix

b. is foind in specialized glial cells, acting as insulation for axons

Which one of the following consists of dense connective tissue? a. arteries and veins b. cartilage c. leucoplasts d. vertebrae e. tendons

e. tendons

Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration? a. they do not have the Calvin cycle in their chloroplasts b. they exclude oxygen from their tissues c. they are adapted to cold, wet climates d. they conserve water more efficiently e. They use PEPCO to initailly fix CO2

e. They use PEPCO to initailly fix CO2

When an axon's membrane has a potential (voltage) of -55 mV, which of the following happens? a. nothing, -55 mV is the resting membrane potential b. a few K+ channels open, causing a slighjt depolarization c. All of the Na+ channels open, causeing full depolraization d. Na+ is actively pumped from the inside to the outside of the axon e. somewhere, a toilet flushes

c. All of the Na+ channels open, causeing full depolraization

A virus destroys Fibroblasts. Which of the follwoing will most liekly be affected a. ability of Cuboidal Epithelia to secrete proteins b. strength of artery muscles c. movement of amino acids from one intestinal cells to the next intestinal cell d. structural support for blood vessels, nerves, and organs

d. structural support for blood vessels, nerves, and organs

When stomata are closed an O2 levels in a plant's leaf increase, this O2 will bind with RUBISCO. What is the imprtance of O2 binding with RUBISCO? a, Photorespiration occurs, cauising the formation of a toxic 2-carbon molecule b. electrons from this O2 will be used for the chloroplast electron transport chain c. RUBISCO is noew transferred to Bundle-Sheath Cells d. this O2 can be transferred to mitochondira for the elctron transport chain

a, Photorespiration occurs, cauising the formation of a toxic 2-carbon molecule

Cyanide is a poison that enters the mitochondria and blocks the normal function of Complex IV. What is the nirmal function that will now be blocked a. Transfer of electrons to NADP+ b. pumping of H+ c. production of NADH and FADH2 d. Production of 2 lactate from glucose

b. pumping of H+

My intestines have the ability to transport monosaccharies, disaccharides, and amino acids from the food I ate and eventually into my blood. Which type of tissue in my intestinte is specialized for the transport of these small molecules? a. stratified columnar epithelia b. simple columnar epithelia c. simple squamous epithelia d. pseudostratified epithelia

b. simple columnar epithelia

Which one of teh follwoing is asspciated with Cilia and flagella? a. dyneins and microtubules b. kinesisn and microfilaments c. 9+2=11 intermediate filaments d. actin and myosin

a. dyneins and microtubules

A human cell has no O2. Thich of the following will happen in this human cell? a. Zero ATP will be produced b. pyruvate will be converted to lactate in order to make NAD+ c. pyruvate will be converted into ethanol in order to make NADH for the electron transport chain d. liear electron flow will slow down because Photosystem II needs oxygen

b. pyruvate will be converted to lactate in order to make NAD+

Osteoarthritis is a joint disease that involves degeneration of cartilage. Which of the following is probably not being produced properly? a. Chrondroitin sulfate b. Phosphate, magnesium, calcium c. keratin d. actin

a. Chrondroitin sulfate

In mitochondria, NADH gives a pair of electrons directly to a. Photosystem I b. Photosystem II c. Complex I d. Complex II e. water

c. Complex I

In a C4 plant such as corn, the Mesophyll cells a. are the main components of the vascuoar bundle c. open their stomate to allow gas exchange c. contain the enzyme RUBISCO d. contain the enzyme PEPCO e. all of the above

d. contain the enzyme PEPCO

Immune system cells can move through your loose connective tissue by using Amoeboid Movement. Which one of the following molecules is important for the immune cell to move in this way? a. Elastin b. Amoebin c. Actin d. Myosin

c. Actin

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum a. is involved in folding individual polypeptides into their proper tertiary shape b. is the same as Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum, but it has ribosomes attached to it c. has a flat shape, so it is a type of squamous cell d. has carbohydrates attached to its outer surface, but not to its inner surface

a. is involved in folding individual prolylpeptides into their proper tertiary shape

A disease causes Tight Junctions to be formed improperly. Which one of the following would be a symptom of this disease? a. Cardiac muscle cells not communicating with each other properly b. Smooth muscle cells not contracting c. Epithelial leakiness with molecules passing in between cells d. Buildup of toxic molecules inside of a Chonerocyte

c. Epithelial leakiness with molecules passing in between cells

Which type of plant has chloroplasts in its Bundle-Sheath Cells? a. C4 plants b. C3 plants c. CAM plants d. all of the above

a. C4 plants

The Citric Acid Cycle produces NADH which has high-energy electrons. What is this energy used for? a. "fixing" CO2 b. Making FADH2 c. Pumping H+ d. Turning H2O into O2

c. Pumping H+

Proteoglycans are mainly found in which locations? a. mitochondria b. leucoplasts c. cilia and flagella d. extracellular matrix e. chloroplasts

d. extracellular matrix

A polypeptide that is supposed to be part of the quaternary structure of a transmembrane carrier for glucose accidentally ends up inside of a lysosome. Which organelle is probably not functioning properly? a. nucleus b. endocytosis vesicle c. golgi apparatus d. lysosome e. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

c. golgi apparatus

Sarcomeres a. consist of Gap Junctions and Desmossomes which connect cardiac muscle cells together b. have thick filaments (myosin) which "walk" on thin filaments (actin) c. are the supporting cells for neurons, providing nutrients and defense functions d. produce collagens, glucosamine, and chondroitin sulfate

b. have thick filaments (myosin) which "walk" on thin filaments (actin)

Oligodendrocytes a. form myelin sheaths on axons in the brain b. are long carbohydrates which are "identification markers" on the outside of cells c. are highly-branched structures attached to a neuron's cell body d. are carried by vesicles and molecular motors to their proper final destination

a. form myelin sheaths on axons in the brain

Venticle arrhythmia in the heart can be caused by a significant reduction in the flow of calcium ions from one heart cell int othe next heart cell. Which cellular compoinent may not be functioning properly, resulting in this reduction in calcium ions moving from one cell into another cell? a. synaptic vesciles b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum c. tight junctions d. chromoplasts e. gap junctions

e. gap junctions

Which of the follwoing is associated with Smooth Muscle? a. heart contrations b. one myofibril contains only a few muscle fibers c. control of blood flow through arteres d. responsible for sustained muscle movements, such as running a marathon

c. control of blood flow through arteres

In CAM plants (such as a cactus or pineapple), which event occurs on a hot and dry day? a. spatial seperation of processes, with C4 processes in one type of cell and C3 processes in another type of cell b. Stomate are open, and PEPCO in Buncdle-sheath Cells "fixes" CO2 c. up to 50% of ATP is used and up to 50% of CO2 is lost due to photorespiration d. Calvin Cycle and RUBISCO are functioning in Mesophyll cells.

d. Calvin Cycle and RUBISCO are functioning in Mesophyll cells.

Which type of tisue in your lings is specialized for the simple diffusion of gases and lipids? a. pseudostratified epithelia b. simple squamous epithelia c. simple columnar epithelia d. stratified columnar epithelia e. cuboidal epithelia

b. simple squamous epithelia

Nodes of Ranvier a. contain Myelin b. are found on "nake" (uninsulated) neurons in the brain and spinal cord c. are the locations where a neuron's cell body and axon meet d. are the locations where action potentials can occur

d. are the locations where action potentials can occur

In the mitochondrial electron transport chain a. H+ are pumped by Photosystems I and II b. H+ are pumped by Complexes I, III, and IV c. NAD+ and FAD are reduced, carrying high-energy electrons to the Citric Acid Cycle d. NADPH is produced

b. H+ are pumped by Complexes I, III, and IV

Insulin is a protein which is produced in specific cells of your pancreas. Which of the following would you predict to be a characteristic of these insulin-producing cells? a. High number of Vacuoles b. Large concentrations of Rough Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi Apparatus c. Stratified Squamous Epithelia d. Large Concentrations of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

b. Large concentrations of Rough Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi Apparatus

Which 3-carbon organic molecule is released from the Calvin Cycle and can be used to make all of the other organic molecules needed by a plant? a. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate b. Phophoenolpyruvate c. Phosphoglycerate d. Ribulose biphosphate e. Glucose

a. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Na+/K+ ATPase is important in neurons because it a. triggers the release of neurotransmitters at the synapse b. allows Oligodendrocytes to wrap around PNS neurons c. pumps Na+ into the neuron and K+ out of the neuron during the +40 mV spike d. re-establishes ion concentration gradients during the Refractory Period

d. re-establishes ion concentration gradients during the Refractory Period

the "Reaction Center Complex" of Photosystem II a. receives electrons from its Oxygen Evolving Complex b. receives electrons that came from Photosystem I c. receives electrons from its Light Harvesting Complex d. receives electrons from NADPH e. produces O2 from H2O

a. receives electrons from its Oxygen Evolving Complex

The final electron acceptor in a chloroplast's Electronm Transport Chain during photosynthesis is a. ADP b. CO2 c. O2 d. H2O e. NAP+

e. NAP+

A single action ptential takes approximately _______ milliseconds to occur, and the refractory period takes about _______ milliseconds to occur. a. 1-2; 1-2 b. -70; -55 c. -55; 40 d. 30; 100

a. 1-2; 1-2

In a C3 plant, how many ATP and NADPH ar needed to "fix" one molecule of CO2 a. 32 ATP and 16 NADPH b. 18 ATP and 12 NADPH c. 3 ATP and 2 NADPH d. 1 ATP and 1 NADPH

c. 3 ATP and 2 NADPH

Your brain sends a neural message down a long axon to your right thumb. At whatspeeds do action potentials travel down this long axon from your brain to your righjt thumb? a. 2 m/s b. 10 m/s c 30 m/s d. 100 m/s

d. 100 m/s

Which of the following is true about NAP and FAD? a. they are found in the Thylakoid Membrain b. When they are oxidized they have two extra high-energy electrons c. they are dinucleotides d. they both donate electrons to the chloroplasts electron transport chain in plants

c. they are dinucleotides

How manty neurons does your entire brain have? a. 100,000 b. 1 million c. 100 million d. 1 billion e. 100 billion f. Ha! this is a trick question. I have no brain.

e. 100 billion

My brain is tired. Your brain is tired. Exams are horrible things. a. TRUE

a. TRUE