BIO Chapter 5,7,6 QUIZZES

Which of the following includes all of the pyrimidines found in RNA and DNA?

cytosine, uracil, and thymine

You disrupt all hydrogen bonds in a protein. What level of structure is disrupted?

secondary

How many molecules of water are used to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long?

10

A glycosidic linkage is analogous to which of the following in proteins?

a peptide bond

What is the major structural difference between starch and glycogen?

the amount of branching that occurs in the molecule

Cooking oil and gasoline (a hydrocarbon) are not amphipathic molecules because they

do not have a polar or charged region

Phospholipids and triglycerides both _____.

have a glyceride backbone

Which of these classes of biological molecules does NOT include polymers?

Lipids

Describe the relationship between a dehydration reaction and hydrolysis.

dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis reactions break polymers apart.

Which of the following statements about the 5' end of a polynucleotide strand of RNA is correct?

The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose.

Which of the following structures is common to plant and animal cells?

mitochondrion

Which organelle or structure is absent in plant cells?

centrosomes

Disruption of the function of which of the following organelles would result in a dramatic decrease in ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

mitochondrion

Which of the following statements best describes a characteristic feature of integral membrane proteins?

They are amphipathic, with at least one hydrophobic region.

Which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

chloroplast

Cell size is limited by _____.

surface to volume ratios

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

mitochondrion

Which of the following statements best describes one major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell EXCEPT

an endoplasmic reticulum

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

The nuclear lamina is an array of filaments on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a method were found that could cause the lamina to fall into disarray, what would you most likely expect to be the immediate consequence?

a change in the shape of the nucleus

The smallest cell structure that would most likely be visible with a standard (not super-resolution) research-grade light microscope is a _____.

mitochondrion

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is abundant in liver cells and primarily responsible for detoxification processes?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A cell with an extensive area of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is specialized to _____.

synthesize large quantities of lipids

Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells?

proteins secreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane

The membranes of winter wheat are able to remain fluid when it is extremely cold by

increasing the percentage of unsaturated phospholipids in the membrane

Which of the following would likely move through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly?

CO2

diffusion ______.

is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

Which of the following is true of osmosis?

In osmosis, water moves across a membrane from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration.

Which line in the graph represents the bag that contained a solution isotonic to the 0.6 M solution at the beginning of the experiment?

C

The solutions in the arms of a U-tube are separated at the bottom of the tube by a selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride but not to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of 0.4 M glucose and 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl), and side B is filled with a solution containing 0.8 M glucose and 0.4 M sodium chloride. Initially, the volume in both arms is the same.. At the beginning of the experiment,

Side A is hypotonic to side B

An animal cell lacking oligosaccharides on the external surface of its plasma membrane would likely be impaired in which function?

cell-cell recognition

In what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic cell vary?

certain proteins are unique to each membrane

The solutions in the arms of a U-tube are separated at the bottom of the tube by a selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride but not to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of 0.4 M glucose and 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl), and side B is filled with a solution containing 0.8 M glucose and 0.4 M sodium chloride. Initially, the volume in both arms is the same.. Refer to the figure. If you examine side A after three days, you should find _____.

a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and a decrease in the water level

For a protein to be an integral membrane protein, it would have to be _____.

amphipathic, with at least one hydrophobic region