community blueprint

what is community-based nursing

caring for individuals, families, or groups where they live, work, or go to school

which form of care is setting specific: community health or community based nursing

community based nursing

who is the primary client for community based nursing

individual and family

what type of services are provided in community based nursing

direct services with an emphasis on managing acute and chronic illnesses

what is community health nursing

promotes and preserves the health of the whole population

who is the primary client in community health nursing

community

what type of services are provided in community health nursing

direct and indirect

what is primary prevention

health promotion and eliminating risk factors

what are examples of primary prevention

vaccines, seat belts

what is secondary prevention

early detection and intervention

what are examples of secondary prevention

screenings such as mammograms or STD testing

what is tertiary prevention

long term management and rehab

what are examples of tertiary prevention

physical therapy

what does the health belief model focus on

how the individual perceives their own health

is the health belief model a microscopic or macroscopic view

microscopic

what is a limitation of the health belief model

places all responsibility on the patient rather than examining the root cause

what is thinking upstream

examining the origin of the disease and focusing on preventing it rather than treating it

what does the web of causation depict

the complexity of relationships between different factors and how health is affected

what are the 3 components of the epidemiological triangle

host, agent, environment

what is the principal of the epidemiological triangle

if one factor is taken away, you eliminate transmission

what is the agent

etiological factor

what is an example of a nutritive agent

too much cholesterol leads to atherosclerosis, too little vitamin C leads to scurvy

what is an example of a chemical agent

vaping, asbestos

what is an example of a physical agent

repetitive motions causing carpal tunnel

what is an example of an infectious agent

bacteria, virus

what is the host

intrinsic factors such as genetics or age that affect ones susceptibility or response to an agent

what is the environment

extrinsic factors that influence the existence of the agent such as physical environment

what does the wheel model of human-environment interaction state

biological, social, and environmental factors all impact the host

person, place, and time model: person

who factors such as demographics and health

person, place, and time model: place

where factors such as geographic location and climate

person, place, and time model: time

when factors such as month or year

what is incidence

new cases

what is prevalence

total cases

what do descriptive epidemiological methods looks at

amount and distribution of health problems to identify a pattern

what do analytic models of epidemiology look at

focus on the cause of the disease

what is an observational study

no manipulation, just observation

what is a cross-sectional/correlational study

look at relationships between factors and outcomes

what is a retrospective study

compares a group with the disease to those without, goes back in time to see what happened

what is a prospective study

follows a group without the condition over time to see if they get the disease

what is an experimental study

randomized clinical trial to determine cause and effect

how does one complete a windshield survery

walk or drive around an area to make observations and identify possible areas of concern

what is vital statisitic

contains birth, death, marriage, divorce, and adoption records

what is census data

massive survey every 10 years that shows how an area has changed over time

what is the goal of the health planning model

improve aggregate health

what are the components of the health planning model

assessment, planning, intervention, and evaluation

what is the goal of the PRECEDE-PROCEED framework

assess health and quality of life issues

P: PRECEDE-PROCEED

predisposing factors

what are predisposing factors

knowledge and behaviors that affect ones willingness to change

R: PRECEDE-PROCEED

reinforcing factors

what are reinforcing factors

positive or negative effects of adopting a new behavior

E: PRECEDE-PROCEED

enabling factors

what are enabling factors

an environment or community that facilitates or presents obstacles to change

PROCEED

policy, regulatory, organizational construct in educational and environmental development

what is the purpose of case management

collaborative care to manage healthcare and improve functioning for the client

what is primary care

first line/point of access care controlled by providers and focused on the individual

who has access to chronic care management

patients with 2 or more chronic conditions that put them at a high risk of functional decline or death within the next 12 months

what is transitional care

face-to-face visits and coordination of care services with clients following their discharge

what is the goal of transitional care

decrease re-hospitalizations

what is patient centered medical home care

uses case management to provide comprehensive, patient centered, and high quality primary care

how did the patient protection and affordable care act increase health care coverage

requires all citizens to have health care coverage and prohibiting insurance companies from denying coverage to those with pre-existing conditions

what age did the patient protection and affordable care act allow coverage-dependent adults to remain on their parent's health care

26

what is policy based on

values

what is the first step in shifting policy

identifying a problem

what is the focus of private healthcare

individuals

what is the goal of private health care

prevention and treatment of disease

what is central to public health care

economics

what is the goal of public health care

prevention of disease and promoting public health

who is the focus of the public health system

populations

who directs the public health system

federal government

what is the major finding of "to err is human"

medical errors are the fault of system errors not humans

what are the recommendations for reducing medical errors

accreditation, use of information technology such as EMR

what does accreditation do

assess and specify standards and quality of services

future of nursing report reccomendations

nurses should practice to full extent and pursue higher education, partner with other health professionals, and that data collection needs to be improved to make policy making more effective

what is the role of the agency for healthcare research and quality

federal organization to improve safety and quality of the healthcare system

what is a health disparity

difference in the presence of disease, health outcomes, or access to healthcare among different populations

responsibilities of the local health department

public health services, protection of citizens, monitoring health status and needs, control of disease and environmental services

how is medicare funded

federally through taxes

who qualifies for medicare

65 or older, disabled, ALS, or end stage renal disease

what does medicare part A cover

hospitalizations, some hospice and home health

what does medicare part B cover

durable medical equipment

what does medicare part C cover

gap coverage for dental, vision, and hearing

what does medicare part D cover

prescription drugs

who determines eligibility for medicaid

states

what is medicaid welfare coverage based on

size and income of family

what kind of clients is medicaid for

children and those in poverty (indigent)

what does medicaid cover

hospitalizations, vaccines, family planning, home health, labs

what is an indemnity plan

very expensive, but covers all cost of service and patient can choose any provider

what is an HMO plan

only covers necessary services, preventative care is covered while specialty care is restricted, lacks freedom of choice

which health plan requires a referral

HMO

what is a PPO plan

patient chooses health care from within their plans network of providers

what is a POS plan

pt pays upfront before insurance kicks in, if they go out of network they will cover a majority of the costs

what is an HDHO plant

lower premium, higher deductible, so pt ends up "shopping around" for the cheapest healthcare

are minority populations increasing for decreasing

increasing

what does the naturalistic perspective state

there must be a balance and when there is not illness arises

what is an example of the naturalistic perspective

yin-yang

what is the basis of the magico-religious perspective

spiritual and supernatural realm

what is an example of the magico-religious perspective

voodoo and witchcraft

what is the basis of the biomedical perspective

cause and effect, body functions mechanically, all things can be measured and observed

what are the components of leiningers theory of culture care diversity and universality

culture care preservation and maintenance, accommodation and negotiation, repatterining and restructuring

what is the following an example of: pt is about to pass and one of their desires is to open the window, so the nurse agrees to open the window

culture care preservation and maintenance

what is the following an example of: pt wants to burn sage which is against hospital policy but we allow them to place sage around the room

culture care accommodation and negotiation

what is the following an example of: pt states they need a cultural symbol in every corner of the room, the nurse says they cant do this and wont honor it rather than trying to find a solution

culture care and repatterining and restructuring

what is the belief of person-nature orientation

people are either all good or all bad and one with nature

what are the components of person-nature orientation

destiny, harmony, mastery

what is the view of destiny orientation

fatalistic view of treatment

what is the view of harmony orientation

looks at connectedness, optimistic

what is the view of mastery orientation

trying to achieve something that is highly regarded

what are the components of time orientation

past, present, and future

what is the view of past orientation

don't need to worry about something that happened in the past or the future

what is the view of present orientation

only concerned with the here and now

what is the view of future orientation

eager to improve health in the future, easy to work with

what are the components of social orientation

lineal, collateral, and individual relationships

what is the view of lineal relationships

looks to consult elders and passed down health beliefs

what is the view of collateral relationships

family or group process makes decisions

what is the view of individual relationships

the self is what matters

what is the dominant social orientation of the US

individual relationships

what is the built environment

connections among people and the environment, living conditions that pose potential health threats (street conditions)

what does healthy homes consist of

availability of safe, structurally sound, and clean shelter

what can effect water quality

contaminants such as microbes, oil spills, lead, and drought

what can impact food safety

food deserts

what model is used to assess environmental exposure history

I PREPARE

I: I PREPARE

investigate potential exposure

P: I "P"REPARE

present work

R: I P"R"EPARE

residence

E: I PR"E"PARE

environmental concerns

P: I PRE"P"ARE

past work

A: I PREPARE

activities

R: I PREPA"R"E

referrals and resources

E: I PREPAR"E"

educate

what is sudden unexplained infant death (SUID)

cause of death discovered after investigation

what is sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

never find an explanation for death

what interventions can be taken to reduce the risk for SIDS and SUID

baby should sleep alone and on back

what factors affect child and adolescent health

parents beliefs, income, and education, health during pregnancy

what programs allow children in poverty to have access to healthcare and treatment

CHIP and EPSDT

what is mortality

death

what is morbidity

illness

what is the number 1 killer for women

cardio vascular disease

(more/less) women than men are hospitalized each year in the US

more

women are (more/less) likely than men to be disabled from chronic conditions

more

women are (more/less) likely than men to have surgery

more