Histology Lab Final review slides

Identify each of the structures shown as A-C

Venule (A); small artery (B) Sweat duct (C )

The structure that functions in thermoregulation by transporting sweat to the surface of the skin is shown in the picture labeled as letter __.

Panel C (sweat duct)

Based on the images shown, give the specific name of the structure that carries oxygenated blood to the dermis of the skin. Be specific _____. The picture that corresponds to this structure is shown in panel _______.

Small Artery, Panel B

Type of glands shown in Panels A. Where would each of these glands be found?

A= sebaceous; Think skin only

Type of glands shown in Panels B. Where would each of these glands be found?

B= Eccrine – Thick and Thin skin

Type of glands shown in Panels C. Where would each of these glands be found?

C= apocrine (wider lumen); Thin skin only – Axilla

Type of glands shown in Panels D. Where would each of these glands be found?

D= Mucous glands beneath oral epithelium (SSPK)—the mucous glands

What are the layers of Panel A's tissue section? What other structures do you see in each panel (blue arrows)?

Thin (panel A), A= sebaceous Hair follicle sweat glands

What are the layers of Panel B's tissue section? What other structures do you see in each panel (blue arrows)?

Thick (panel B), B= eccrine sweat glands (only in thick skin)

What is panel A showing? (big picture)

A = section of thin skin ( scalp, skin of forearm etc)

What is panel B showing? (big picture)

B= thick skin (palm , fingertips )

What layer is "A" in panel B called? Does it have a name? What is the type?

epidermis SSK

What layer is "B" in panel B called? Does it have a name? What is the type?

dermis ( b-LCT –type (name =papillary layer)

What layer is "C" in panel B called? Does it have a name? What is the type?

C =DICT (type) -reticular layer of dermis (name )

What is "D" in panel B called?

d- dermal hypodermal border

What layer is "E" in panel B called? Does it have a name? What is the type?

E = hypodermis (name) (CT type= adipose);

What is "F" in panel B called?

F = skeletal muscle

What layer is "G" in panel B called? Does it have a name? What is the type?

G= eccrine glands (only type of sweat gland in thick skin so even though low power view it is the default answer

What type of epithelium is shown in panel A?

A= SSPK ( note the color change in superficial layer) Keratin missing from tissues

What type of epithelium is shown in panel B?

B= SSNK ( more uniform) Keratin missing from tissues

Give the name of the layers A-D in panel A.

A= s. superficialis b=S. granulosum C= s. spinosum D = S. basale

Give the name of the layers A-D in panel B.

A=s. basale B =stratum spinosum c = stratum intermedium D= stratum superificialis

Identify/name the structures shown by the blue arrows in A. In what layer is the structure located?

A =Pacinian – layer dermal-hypodermal junction (can also be deeper in hypodermis)

Identify/name the structures shown by the blue arrows in B. In what layer is the structure located?

B= Meissner’s corpuscle – dermal papillary layer ( usually in dermal papilla interdigitating with epidermal rete ridges)

Each structure labeled A- H represents a specific portion of the respiratory tract. Can you identify A?

A= primary bronchus - cartilage plates, smooth muscle, glands – no alveoli in field of view

Each structure labeled A- H represents a specific portion of the respiratory tract. Can you identify B?

B= terminal bronchiole – solid wall ;; smooth/straight lining mucosa ; cuboidal epithelium no gland ; no cartilage

Each structure labeled A- H represents a specific portion of the respiratory tract. Can you identify C?

C= respiratory bronchiole – interrupted wall; areas of thick cuboidal interspersed with thin alveoli

Each structure labeled A- H represents a specific portion of the respiratory tract. Can you identify D?

D = alveolar duct – continuously

Each structure labeled A- H represents a specific portion of the respiratory tract. Can you identify E?

E=alveolus

Each structure labeled A- H represents a specific portion of the respiratory tract. Can you identify F?

F=primary/conducting bronchiole – solid wall but wavy lumen; smooth muscle continuous cause contraction of mucosa.

Each structure labeled A- H represents a specific portion of the respiratory tract. Can you identify G?

G= terminal bronchiole – solid wall; smooth luminal surface

Each structure labeled A- H represents a specific portion of the respiratory tract. Can you identify H?

H= intrapulmonary bronchus – small plate cartilage ; glands, smooth muscle, lung tissue (alveoli) surround structure

What is structure I?

i= pulmonary artery -artery always accompanies/follows airway

What is the type of tissue labeled A.

A= adipose = CT

What is the type of tissue labeled B.

B= alveoli = gaseous exchange

What is the type of tissue labeled C.

C = purkinje fibers = pacemaker of heart in subendocardium layer

Which one is involved in gaseous exchange?

B= alveoli = gaseous exchange

Which serves as pacemaker cell and exhibits autorhythmicity?

C = purkinje fibers = pacemaker of heart in subendocardium layer

Give the specific name for the structure labeled as E –letter E is in the lumen of structure.

E= terminal bronchiole; taken from the conducting portion of respiratory system

Identify each structure labeled as A and B. Which structure represents a portion of the intrapulmonary conducting?

Section taken from lung tissue – B= primary bronchiole look at wavy lumen; balt tissue present; no cartilage A= pulmonary artery (deoxygenated blood) -pulmonary artery always travels with bronchial tree; pulmonary artery originates from right atrium

Compare structure A to B and identify each structure. Which part of the respiratory tract is shown –be specific.

A =primary bronchiole – complete ring smooth muscle; no cartilage B= intrapulmonary bronchus --- suggestion to look at both sections higher power Both are part of intrapulmonary conducting system

What is structure C? What is structure D? What does the cartilage look like in each structure? Do you see serosa or adventitia or lung tissue (alveoli) surrounding the structures?

C= primary bronchus; cartilage plates D = trachea - c-shaped rings ; Adventitia (CT) surrounds both and separates this from adjacent structures such a lymph node in panel 1 and skeletal muscle and esophagus ( not shown ) panel 2

Compare structures A to B and identify each structure. What is a common feature to both structures?

A= Primary bronchiole; B=pulmonary artery -- note difference in simple cuboidal/columnar in bronchiole and simple squamous (hard to see cells) in B Smooth muscle in both . NOTE: A pulmonary vein will be surrounded by alveoli and travels independent of the bronchial tree structures as it makes its way to left atrium In the picture showing the pulmonary artery note there is a small section of the primary bronchiole shown in the lower left corner – this is the same pic as slide 2 with the structure labeled as I

Type of epithelium shown in each panel Possible structure that is lined by this epithelium .

A= simple squamous; epithelium lines distributing artery within organ –note solid pink line below the epithelium =internal elastic lamina B= stratified columnar; epithelium line a large excretory duct – note fluid sticks to the luminal surface causing it too appear as cilia –stratified epithelium NEVER has cilia or microvilli

What is panel A? What is Panel B?

A= vein (thin walled T. media; adventitia blends with surround CT B = artery –note internal elastic lamina and thick media

What tissue section is this? What layer are the green arrows pointing to?

Heart =tissue section; epidcardium = green arrow (equivalent to T. adventitia in vessel)

What tissue section is this? What layer are the blue arrows pointing to?

Heart =tissue section; Blue arrow = myocardium (cardiac muscle -layer equivalent to t. media)

What tissue section is this? What layer are the black arrows pointing to?

Heart =tissue section; endocardium = black arrow( equivalent to t. intima)

Identify the vessel shown in each picture. Which is a capacitance vessel and which is conducting vessel ?

Pic 1: ID= large elastic artery – name = aorta (biolucida slide)= conducting vessel Pic 2 : Id = large vein – named =vena cava (biolucida slide)=capacitance vessel --thin tunica media ; arrow points to smooth muscle running longitudinally (and show in x-section- blue arrow) in adventitia – T. adventitia very thick layer in veins Nervi vasorum, (autonomic ; vasa vasorum (capillaries, arterioles, venules) lymphatic vessel common to both– found in T. adventitia for both

Can you recognize each tissue section?

Panel A = lymph node B =thymus C = spleen D= tonsil (note SSNK)

What is the functional difference between primary and secondary lymphoid organs?

(primary = site differentiation and/or Maturation) (secondary= site of specific adaptive Immune response (IR)

What are the 2 types of adaptive IR?

Cell mediated = T cell (CD4+ Th; CD8 T cyt), Humoral (Antibody) =inactive vs active B cells, Plasma cells; Th to start reaction

Give the NAME for the cellular tissue shown in field of view (asterisks macro view) ?

MALT = A

Identify the dark cellular organ shown in filed of view.

Lymph node =B ; note CT capsule and low power view of organ system

What types of vessels are D, F, B, and A. Which vessel is the lymphatic capillary (lacteal) and which is the lymphatic vessel that receives drainage from the lymph capillary? Based on field of view and the organ system , what type of capillary is shown by blue arrow?

D= afferent lymphatic; note n CT capsule lymph node cortex field of view ; F= subcapsular sinus; B= arteriole A=lymphatic vessels -- thin wall no RBCs, surrounded by DICT ; C =lacteal l arrow to fenestraed capillary – needed for transport of nutrients to portal vein;

Identify the vessel labeled as A, B and C ”–be specific Which of the following vessel is a resistance vessel? Which collects excess fluid from the interstitial CT space? Which returns blood to heart?

A= venule – note RBC (pink dots); Lymphatic vessel =c; B= arterioles

Identify vessels labeled D, E, and F ? What is carried in vessels D and E- lymph or blood? What about F –what is the function of F?

D= afferent lymphatic –unique to lymph node – note CT capsule and nodule in cortex in field of view; E= subcapsular sinus of lymph node F= high endothelial venule- vascular (HEV – high power view site of naïve lymphocyte entry into lymphatic tissue ( lymph nodes and MALT)

Identify structures A, B, C, D.

A= VENULE B.=arteriole c=lymph vessel d=venule

Identify the tissue section A and B

A= lymph node ( secondary lymphoid organ – adaptive immune response) B = thymus (primary lymphoid organ –no immune response)

Identify regions labeled as A, B and C in panel A and the regions labeled as 1 & 2 in the boxed region. What is the key feature(s) that should be used to identify the tissue section?

Panel A region A =lymphatic cortex– region contains nodules shown by white line, B=paracortex ( region contains lymphocytes –primarily T cells) C= lymphatic medulla ( medullary cords (cellular dark stained) lymphatic sinuses (light stained) Afferent lymphatic vessel =key feature (blue arrow –H) Panel B = 1 –thymic cortex ; 2= thymic medulla; Hassalls (thymic) corpuscle =key feature

Identify each tissue section shown in A and B.

A= lymph node b =spleen *note the position of nodules/follicles in both tissues (nodule/follicles appear as light stained circles with a darker circling surrounding it ) are located around the outer periphery in in panel A (lymph node) but the nodules are randomly scattered in the spleen – not just on periphery but also throughout

For each image does the letter indicate MALT or a Lymph node.

All panels shown MALT

Can you ID the type of epithelium shown in each panel? Can you identify where each of these tissue sections would be found–look at the epithelium to help determine where it is located .

Tonsil --(SSNK) =A;. B= BALT – (simple columnar with cilia) bronchiole shown in field of view (stars in lumen) ; C= large intestine (simple columnar) ; D= Gastro-esophageal junction. (simple columnar (left) SSNK (right) Remember MALT tissue is comprised of both scattered lymphocytes which make up diffuse lymphatic tissue AND lymphatic nodules. MALT is always in the lamina propria of the mucosa layer, just below the epithelium and a CT capsule will always be absent Each function to mount an adaptive immune response. Humoral associated with L. nodule; cell mediated with diffuse

What is The panel on the left?

-pancreas with islet of langerhan

What is the panel on the right?

liver, portal area and central vein/terminal hepatic venule

What C in panel A?

- autonomia ganglia (Meisnerr's plexus)

What is B in panel A?

adipocyte

What is A in panel A?

DICT/submucosa

What is C in panel B?

- autonomic ganglia (Auerbach's))

What is D in panel B?

-smooth muscle

What is panel A?

A- colon

What is panel B?

B- ileum

What is A?

-brunner's glands - alkaline mucus secretion=lighter staining

What is B?

-intestinal crypts (crypts of Lieberkuhn) -darker stained enterocytes -paneth and enteroendocrine lead to darker staining

What is panel A? What is the green star?

A- intestinal crypt cross-section (ep will line lumen and are surrounded by LCT) star- lumen of gland

What is panel B? What is the blue star?

B- villi in cross section (will have core of LCT surrounded by LCT) star- lacteal

What is A? What is the black arrow?

-mucus cell of stomach -arrow--extending into stomach pit -smaller, more numerous, tightly packed

What is B?

- goblet cell -larger, few b/t enterocytes -in small intestine, not present in large

What is C?

- goblet cell -larger, few b/t enterocytes -in small intestine, not present in large

What fold is panel A? Where would you find that fold? Transient or permanent?

A- plicae circularis - small intestine -permanent fold of mucosa and submucosa --not in study guide, but be sure to look at image of plicae semilunaris in colon on biolucida later

What fold is panel B? Where would you find that fold? Transient or permanent?

B- rugae -stomach -transient

What is panel A? Are plicae present? Are villi? What is the significance of this organ?

A- ileum -no plicae; (none significant in pov) -villi and crypts -significance-vit V12; also has peyers patches

What is panel B? Are plicae present? Are villi? What is the significance of this organ?

B- jejunum - large plicae with core of submucosa visible -villi and crypts -significance-most nutrient absorption

What is panel C? Are plicae present? Are villi? What is the significance of this organ?

C- gallbladder - no plicae -no villi -highly folded mucosa (sometimes looks like crypts) -submucosa and mucosa layers are missing! (no submucosa=no plicae) -significance-bile secretion in response to CCK

What is this tissue section?

-fundic region of stomach (short pits, long glands) - no villi=can't be intestine -too bright= can't be colon (which has mainly light goblet cells)

What are the pale stained cells shown by the blue arrows? what do they secrete?

-mucous cells -mucous

What are the round eosinophilic cells shown by the black arrows? what do they secrete?

-parietal cells - HCL intrinsic

What are the basophilic cells shown by white arrows? what do they secrete?

-chief cells -pepsinogen

What is panel A?

A-Colon

What is panel B?

B-Stomach

What is panel C?

C-Intestine

What is panel D?

D- esophagus

What are 1, 2, 3 in panel A?

1-mucosa 2-submucosa 3-muscularis externa -serosa shown

What are 1, 2, 3 in panel B?

1-mucosa 2-submucosa 3-muscularis externa -serosa shown

What are 1,2,3 in panel C?

1-mucosa 2-submucosa 3-muscularis externa -serosa shown

What are 1, 2, 3, in panel D?

1-mucosa 2-submucosa 3-muscularis externa - esophagus=adventitia, not serosa

What is Panel A? What are key features?

- Gallbladder -highly folded mucosa, 2 layers -simple columnar/microvilli -no villi/no crypts -random arranged muscularis externa -serosa/adventita

What is Panel B? What are key features?

-Large intestine -3 layer mucosa -simple columnar/microvilli -goblet cells/crypts only -plica semilunaris -submucosa -muscularis externa/taenia coli -serosa/adventitia

What is Panel C? What are key features?

-Small intestine - 3 layer muscoa -simple columnar/microvilli -enterocyte/enterokinase -goblet cells/villi/crypts -plicae circularis -muscularis mucosa -submucosa -muscularis externa -serosa

What is pale staining region of A?

- islet of langerhans (in pancreas), uniform sized cells -no distinct CT capsule

What is pale staining region of B? The arrow?

-parasympathetic ganglion, large pink cells with smaller euchromatic nuclei; visibly surrounded by CT arrows-post-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons

What is panel 1?

Sublingual gland

What is panel 2?

Submandibular gland

What are C in both panels?

serous demilume

What are D in both panels?

mucous cells

What duct is B in both panels?

intercalated duct

What duct is G in both panels?

interlobar duct

What duct is A in both panels?

striated duct

What is panel 1? What are structures labeled E, F, G, H,

1- liver E- bile duct (cuboidal ep), respond to secretin F-hepatic arteriole G-portal venule H-hepatocyte

What is panel 2? What is structure labeled I?

2- Pancreas I- pancreatic intercalacted duct (responds to secretin to produce bicarb)