Human reproduction

Order of sperm cell traveling from male body to female body

testes, sperm duct, prostate gland, urethra, penis --> vagina, cervix, uterus, oviduct

female sex hormones

oestrogen

male sex hormones

testosterone

role of oestrogen in developing characteristics

change in behaviour, stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics, breast, hips, vagina and hair develop/grow

role of testosterone in developing characteristics

change in behaviour, stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics, facial hair, chest, testes and penis develop/grow

oestrogen in menstrual cycle

repairs lining of the uterus

progesterone in menstrual cycle

keeps the lining of the uterus ready for implantation

FSH in menstrual cycle

stimulates follicular growth (sac around egg cell) and estrogen secretion

LH in menstrual cycle

stimulates ovulation to occur and development of corpus letuem in the remains of the follicle

define ejaculation

the release of sperm from the testes after stimulation

define copulation

sexual intercourse

define conception

conceiving a child

define fertilization

the process of combining the sperm cell with the egg cell

define ovulation

release of the egg from the ovary

difference in egg cell and sperm cell

egg cell is singular, while sperm is more.

types of contraceptive

hormonal or non-hormonal

example of natural contraceptive

timing or calendar method

example of female contraceptive

pill, IUD, sterilisation, female condom

example of male contraceptive

condom, vasectomy

function of placenta

provides oxygen and nutrients to a growing baby

function of umbilical cord

delivers nutrients and oxygen and removes the baby's waste

function of amniotic sac and fluid

protects the fetus from injury

characteristics of HIV

weakened immune system, no known cure

characteristics of chlamydia

Discharge from urethra, itching, painful urination and often asymptomatic in women, antibiotics

characteristics of syphilis

can affect the heart, brain and other organs, mother-fetus transmission and can be fatal if untreated, antibiotics in early stages

characteristics of gonorrhoea

Discharge from urethra, painful urination and sometimes asymptomatic in women, antibiotics

define gametes

reproductive cell of an animal (human)

define zygote

a fertalized egg

define embryo

early stages of development in the womb

define puberty

process of physical changes through which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction

pituitary gland

part of the brain controlling growth and development

define implantation

the attachment of the fertilized egg to the wall of the uterus

corpus luteum

A sac for the egg cell which will eventually shrink and be absorbed

follicle

the sac that releases an egg during ovulation

menstrual cycle phases

menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation and luteal phase.

umbilical vein

carrys oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus

umbilical artery

carry deoxygenated blood from fetus to the placenta

male structure

bladder, seminal vesicles, testis, scrotum, urethra, prostate gland, vas deferens and penis

female structure

vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries

body temperature during menstrual cycle

increases at ovulation

LH during menstrual cycle

increases at ovulation

FSH during menstrual cycle

increases at ovulation

progesterone during menstrual cycle

curves after ovulation

estrogen during menstrual cycle

increases before ovulation, drops and curves after ovulation

negative feedback results in

hormones decreasing

positive feedback results in

hormones increasing

male reproductive cell

sperm cells

female reproductive cell

egg cell

primary sex organs

testes and ovaries, which are stimulated by the pituitary glands during puberty