Anatomy Skeletal System

skull

Bone or cartilage that protects the brain and forms the head

frontal bone

forms the forehead

occipital bone

back of head

temporal bone

Located near ear bone that forms parts of the side of the skull and floor of the cranial activity. There is a right and left temporal bone.

parietal bone

a bone forming the central side and upper back part of each side of the skull.

Maxilla

upper jaw

Mandible

lower jaw

Zygomatic bone

cheek bone

nasal bone

bridge of nose

Clavicle

collar bone

Scapula

shoulder blade

sternum manubrium

top of sternum

xiphoid process

lower, narrow portion of the sternum

main body

the bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum

Ribs

The bones in the chest that protect the heart and lungs.

True ribs (1-7)

first 7 pairs of ribs; attach directly to sternum

false ribs (8-12)

ribs that do not have a direct attachment to the sternum

floating ribs (11-12)

not attached to sternum (only vertebrae)

Humerus

upper arm bone

Radius

lateral bone of the forearm

Ulna

medial bone of the forearm

Carpals

wrist bones

Metacarpals

hand bones

Phalanges

fingers, toes

coxal bone

hip bone composed of 3 parts illium, ischium, and pubis

Illium

A broad, flared bone that makes up the upper and lateral sections of the pelvis.

ischium

the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis

pubis

The medial anterior portion of the pelvis

pelvic girdle

Left and right coxal bones, with all the bones within them

verterbral column

protects the spinal cord

Cervical Vertebrae (C1-C7)

first set of 7 bones, forming the neck

Atlas (C1)

supports the head

Axis (C2)

second cervical vertebrae. Allows the head to shake "no"

Thoracic Vertebrae (T1-T12)

the second set of 12 vertebrae; form the outward curve of the spine

lumbar vertebrae (L1 - L5)

Lower back Large bodies that bear most of the body's weight

Sacrum

5 fused vertebrae (S1-S5)

cocyx

tailbone

Femur

thigh bone

Patella

kneecap

Tibia

shin bone

Fibula

calf bone

Talus

the anklebone that articulates with the tibia and fibula

Tarsal

ankle region (anterior)

Metatarsals

bones of the foot between ankle and toes

calcaneus

heel bone

foramen magnum

the hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes.

radial tuberosity

insertion of biceps brachii

tibial tuberosity

point where the patellar ligament attaches

Acetabulum

hip socket

glenoid fossa

Area of the temporal bone where condyles of the mandible articulate with the skull

long bone

longer than they are wide

short bones

cube shaped bones of the wrist and ankle

irregular bones

bones of the vertebrae and face

flat bones

bones of the ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis, and skull

sesamoid bones

round bones found near joints (e.g., the patella)

Diaphysis

shaft of a long bone

proximal epiphysis

the end of the bone located nearest to the midline of the body

distal epiphysis

end of the bone located farthest away from the midline

Periosteum

Double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone.

compact bone

Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone

spongy bone

Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.

marrow cavity

contains bone marrow

Foramen

Round or oval opening through a bone

Condyle

rounded articular projection, often articulates with a corresponding fossa

Crest

Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

Tuberosity

Large rounded projection; may be roughened

suture joint

interlocking line of union between bones

gliding joint

nearly flat bone surfaces slide or glide over each other

hinge joint

Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane

pivot joint

Allows for rotation around the length of a bone, and only allows for rotation. (neck)

saddle joint

type of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows grasping and rotation

ball and socket joint

shoulder and hip

Ellipsoidal (condyloid)

Biaxial joint (e.g., radiocarpal extension, flexion at the wrist)

axial skeleton

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

appendicular skeleton

Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton