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252 Terms
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Jesus

Christianity, The son of god, Teachings and life are found in New testament

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Torah

Sacred text of the Jews

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Muhammad

Prophet of Islam

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Five Pillars

Faith in Allah Fast during Ramadan Hajj to Mecca Alms to the poor Pray 5 times a day

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Monotheism

Belief in one god

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Koran (Qu'ran)

Holy book of Islam

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Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)

Founder of Buddhism

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Four Noble Truths

Main belief of Buddhism Life is suffering

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Eightfold Path

Follow to reach Nirvana

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Caste System

Strict division of classes in Hinduism

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Reincarnation

Belief that your soul will be reborn based on your Karma (in Buddhism and Hinduism)

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Renaissance

Means re-birth Start of modern Era Spread from Italy to Northern Europe

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Michelangelo

Painted the Sistine Chapel Ceiling and sculpted David

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Leonardo da Vinci

Ultimate Renaissance Man Painted Last Supper and Mona Lisa

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Shakespeare

Wrote plays and sonnets during the Renaissance

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Erasmus

Father of Humanism, wrote In Praise of Folly

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Reformation

Attempts to reform the Catholic Church.

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Martin Luther

Started Protestant Reformation, 95 Theses, Salvation by Faith, Bible the ultimate authority

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95 Theses

Martin Luther's main ideas Starts the Reformation

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John Calvin

Swiss Reformer, Predestination, Hard work & Righteous life

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Huguenots

French Protestants (French Calvinists)

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Predestination

John Calvin's main idea God has pre-determined everything

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Henry VIII

English King, split with Catholic church because he wanted a divorce, created Church of England, seized Catholic lands in England

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Queen Elizabeth I

English Queen Tolerance for dissenters Anglican Church Victory of Spanish Armada Expansion and colonialism

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Reformation in Germany

Princes in Northern Germany converted to Protestantism Hapsburg Family remained loyal to Catholic Church Conflict led to 30 years war

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Reformation in France

Catholic kings gave Protestants freedom to worship - Edict of Nantes Cardinal Richelieu changes focus of 30 years war from religious to political

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30 Years War

Protestants (Northern German Princes) vs. Catholics (Hapsburgs) in the Holy Roman Empire.

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Anglican Church

Protestant Church in England Led by Elizabeth I started by Henry VIII

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Edict of Nantes

Allowed Huguenots to practice their religion, later revoked by Louis XIV

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Counter Reformation

Catholic church response to Reformation Use of the Inquisition Council of Trent - reaffirms practices and doctrine

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Society of Jesus (Jesuits)

Founded during the Catholic Counter Reformation by Ignatius of Loyola Used to spread Catholicism around the world.

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Gutenberg Printing Press

Used to spread ideas of the Reformation and the Renaissance First documented printed was the Bible Led to the growth of literacy

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Gold, Glory, God

Factors leading to exploration

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Vasco da Gama

Portuguese, Rounded Cape of Good Hope in Africa, 1st all water route to Asia

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Christopher Columbus

Spain, "found" the new world

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Hernando Cortez

Spain, conquered the Aztecs in Mexico. Conquestador

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Ferdinand Magellan

Spain, First to circumnavigate the globe

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Fransisco Pizzarro

Spain, Conquered the Incas in South America

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Francis Drake

English Privateer (Pirate) working for Elizabeth I, 1st Englishman to circumnavigate the globe.

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Jacques Cartier

French, explored Canada, St. Lawrence River.

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Prince Henry the Navigator

Portuguese Prince, Founded a school to teach navigation

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Spread/diffusion of Christianity

Migration of colonists/influence of colonists who brought faith, language, culture to new lands. Conversion of native people

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Impact of discovery of Americas

End of Aztecs and Incas European emigration/rigid class structure and dictatorial rule in Latin America Colonies imitate culture/social patterns of parent countries Forced migration of enslaved Africans

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Impact of discovery on Africa

European trading posts on coasts Slaves, gold, resources

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Impact of discovery on Asia

Colonization by small group of merchants, Influence of trading compaines

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Trading Companies

Founded by British, Dutch, French Were in Indies and in China

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Columbian Exchange

An exchange of products and resources between the eastern and western hemispheres Corn(maize), Potatoes, and Tobacco were introduced to Europe European horses and Cattle were introduced to the Americas Diseases = SMALL POX

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Impact of Columbian Exchange

Shortage of labor led to use of slaves (based on race) European plantation system in Caribbean/Americas destroyed native economies/environment

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Triangle Trade

Linked Europe, Africa, and America Slaves, sugar and rum Gold and silver exported to Europe and Asia Spain's economy collapses after importing so much gold/silver

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China

Creation of "enclaves" by foreign powers for trade/resources Increase in demands for goods (tea, porcelain)

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Shogun

Japanese, Military leader

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Isolationism

policy of a country trying to limit foreign influences. (Japan)

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Ottoman Empire

In Central Asia, expands to Asia, Balkans, North Africa Capital- Istanbul (Constantinople) Islamic religion, Coffee and ceramic

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Mughal Empire

North India, Islam, Taj Mahal, Establishment of trading posts by Europeans, textiles important to GB. Traded silk/spices/gems

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Mercantilism

An economic practice adopted by European colonial powers Colonies exist to benefit the mother country

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Commercial Revolution

Overseas trade, new banking and money systems, use of mercantilism

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Nicolas Copernicus

Heliocentric theory

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Johannes Kepler

Discovered planets move in elliptical orbits The laws of planetary motion

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Galileo

Telescope used to prove Heliocentric Theory

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Isaac Newton

Discovered laws of gravity

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William Harvey

Discovered the circulation of blood

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Scientific Revolution

Expanded scientific knowledge, development of the scientific method, empahsis on reason and systematic observation of the future

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Divine Right

Absolute monarchs believed god chose them

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Louis XIV

France, Palace of Versailles-symbol of royal power

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Peter the Great

Russia, Westernizing of Russia, St. Petersburg

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Charles I

English King who was beheaded Led to the English Civil War

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Oliver Cromwell

Led England as Lord-not King.

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Charles II

Restored to the British throne

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Glorious Revolution

William and Mary take the throne No bloodshed Sign the English Bill of Rights 1689

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English Bill of Rights

Reduced the power of the monarch Increased the power of the Parliament

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Enlightenment

Applied reason to the human world Stimulated religious tolerance Fueled the American and French Revolution

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Thomas Hobbes

The Leviathan State must have central authority-Absolutism

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John Locke

Two Treatises on Government Life, Liberty, and Property Government gets its power fromthe consent of the people

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Montesquieu

The Spirit of the Laws Seperation of Powers

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Voltaire

Religious toleration, Seperation of Church and State

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Jefferson

Declaration of Independence author, used Enlightenment ideas

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US constitution and Bill of Rights

Untied States used enlightenment ideas for these two important documents (not including declaration)

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Louis XVI

Monarch that was overthrown in the French Revolution

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Events of the French Revolution

Tennis Court Oath Storming of the Bastille Reign of Terror Declaration of the Rights of Man

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Toussaint L'Ouverture

Former slave who led independence movements in Haiti. Defeated armies of Spain, France, and Britain

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Simon Bolivar

He led an independence movement in South America

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Mexican Independence

Started by Father Hildago

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Colonial systems in Latin America

Governments mirrored home governments Catholic, mining (silver), Cities outposts for trade (Havana, Mexico City, Lima)

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Class Structure of Latin America

Viceroys/colonial officials Creoles and Mestizos

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