Geology Exam 1 Review

Which are trace gases in the atmosphere?

Carbon Dioxide, Helium, Methane, Argon

What is the approximate height of the atmosphere (or Troposphere)?

36000

Which atmosphere has weather?

Troposphere

Which atmosphere has a lot of ozone?

Stratosphere

Which sphere takes most of the extra heat of the climate system?

Hydrosphere

Given the following data, what’s the median? 7,12,5,9,20,20,1

9

Given the following data, what’s the mode? 7,12,5,9,20,20,1

20

Average human temperature is about 310K. At what wavelength range does human body’s radiation peak?

9.7 x 10^6 (Infrared)

A newly discovered star has a temperature of 3000K. Earth’s temperature is 300K. Assume they both are blackbodies and follow the Stefan-Boltzmann’s law. The star’s total radiation is a factor of ______ larger than the Earth’s total radiation?

10,000 times bigger than Earth

Over the earth as a whole, one would expect to observe the smallest variation in temperature from day to day and from month to month ______.

At an island near the equator

Making communities more resistant to harmful impacts of climate change involves ______.

Adaptation

Sustainability is the capability to meet needs of the ______ without compromising needs of future generations.

Present

Of energy stored in the climate system between 1971 and 2010, ocean warming accounts for ______ of the total.

90%

Earth is a(n) ______ system for energy and a ______ system for mass.

open, closed

The average vertical temperature change with increasing altitude in the atmosphere or environmental lapse rate is about ______C per kilometer.

6.5 degrees per kilometer

Satellite observations of ECVs involve ______.

Remote sensing

Geostationary satellite orbits place then in relatively ______.

Consistent position with respect to Earth's surface

Polar orbiting satellite typically have better resolution and clarity because they ______.

They are closer to Earth's surface than other satellites

They are closer to Earth's surface than other satellites

Argo

The oldest U.S. climate observing system is the ______ program.

The Cooperative Weather Observer Program (COOP)

The range is a measure of the ______ of the smallest and largest values occurring.

Arithmetic difference

The square root of the average of squared differences of each value from the mean is a measure of the dispersion of values of the variables and is called the ______.

Standard deviation

In a Gaussian distribution, the ______ are at the center position of the distribution.

mean, median, mode

The Koppen climate classification system is based on types of ______ related to temperature and precipitation amounts.

Vegetation

Climate normal are ECV averages calculated from the ______.

Last 3 complete decades (1980-2020)

List the following radiation types in order of increasing energy.

Ultraviolet, X-rays, and Gamma Rays

If the temperature of a blackbody increases, its wavelength of most intense radiation would ______.

Decrease

The albedo of a flat water surface ______ as the Sun rises higher in the sky.

Decreases

Movements of warmer or colder fluid during convection result from differences in the fluid’s ______.

Density

The lowest temperature of the day typically occurs ______ sunrise.

After

Which atmosphere has oxygen?

Stratosphere

Which of these radiation types has the most energy?

Ultraviolet

As an apple falls down to Earth, what is happening to the moon?

Nothing will happen to the moon

Why is it so hard to predict hurricane routes?

A variety of factors including wind speed, temperature, and climate

Typhoon Hinnamnor, also known as Super Typhoon Henry was unique as it ______

Was the first super typhoon of the 2022 Pacific typhoon season

How do habitable areas in North America change as the climate change?

Increase in temperature, higher levels of erosion, disasters being common

What is the boundary of the climate change?

Top of the atmosphere

What is the approximate height of the atmosphere?

100km

Why is cryosphere important for climate?

The melting and/or freezing of land-based ice affects the sea level

The two types of satellite orbits are ______ and ______

Geostationary and Polar

Which network in the U.S is the most reliable one to detect climate change signals?

U.S Historical Climatology Network

What is the GCOS Essential Climate variable for oceanic domain?

Sea-surface temperature

What is not common for normal distribution?

No peak values exist, Two peak values existing

GPS is a satellite-based geospatial location system that uses radio frequencies to provide geographic reference info. True/False

True

GIS is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographical data. True/False

True

How long does CO2 remain in the atmosphere?

50-200 years

Which of the following has the highest albedo?

Snow (Tundra)

Total energy received at the top of the Earth's atmosphere is ______ the solar constant

1/4

Which of the following is true regarding buoyancy?

Warm air rises, Cool air sinks

In which of the following is heat released to the environment?

Condensation

How many phases does water have?

3

If water vapor comprises 3.5 percent of an air parcel who total pressure is 1000 mb, the water vapor pressure would be ______

35mb