box notes 13-23 for the quiz i totally forgot about

the river gave them life -- Farmers relied on the floods to irrigate crops, protected by the Sahara desert that lies to the west

"The Gift of the Nile"

seasonal winds that bring tremendous amount of rainfall to the valley

Monsoons

an American neolithic peoples who planted corn and maize in warm and humid rainforests (modern Mexico) (1200 - 400 BCE). Rulers were believed to be half man and half god. Built huge cities, large palaces, temples, and pyramids of limestone.

The Olmecs

located further to the south, developed in modern day Peru along the Andes Mountain range. (900 BCE - 200 BCE)

The Chavin

The Chavin capital, located at the intersection of trade routes connected valleys to the Andes mountains.

Chavin de Huantar

a domesticated beast of burden that helped the Chavin with chores.

Llama

The Chavin deity which impacted later Latin American societies

Jaguar-god

Olmec sculptures which probably symbolized the power of the elites.

"Giant Head" sculpture

The Olmec's writing system

Pictographs

did not allow trade, need to supply own goods

Isolation

located in central China

Yangtze River

unpredictable flooding (China’s Sorrow)

Huang He (Yellow River)

earliest civilization in South Asia found there

Indus River

a tremendous peninsula sometimes referred to as a subcontinent, has 3 water borders: West-Arabian Sea; East- Bay of Bengal; South- Indian Ocean, and 2 protective mountain range borders

South Asia

The Egyptian Civilization was centered around it, Settlement began around 5000 BC and the river flows north 4,100 miles

Nile River

(innovations to control water supplies) and built mud walls around cities for protection

Irrigation Ditches

located in Modern Day Iraq

Fertile Crescent

located between Tigris and Euphrates rivers

Mesopotamia

developed in a variety of geographical and environmental settings where agriculture flourished. The first states emerged within the core civilizations.

Core and Foundational Civilizations

communities that domesticated animals which provided stable sources of meat, milk, etc., but required mobility for water and grazing. The grazing needs of livestock altered the local landscape and reduced biodiversity.

Sedentary Communities

raided and traded with sedentary communities in order to diversify their diets and acquire goods.

Pastoralists

through laws, language, literature, religion, myths and monumental art.

how did culture unify states?