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Micro Unit 4

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Biology

Microbiology

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T4 bacteriophage

attachment, entry, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, release

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multiplies immediately after entering the host, lyses host cell for release; ex: T4

integrate with host genome and remain in the host cell without killing it, may switch to lytic at any time; ex: lambda

replicate through a DNA intermediate using reverse transcriptase, released by budding

DNA is nicked, single stranded binding protein and RecA complex formed, recipient DNA invaded, crossover leads to exchange which is then ligated to form two recombinant DNA molecules

host DNA mistakenly packaged into phage head

temperate phages with established lysogeny are incorrectly excised, host DNA exchanged for phage DNA and makes way into new phages

cut DNA at specific sequences

inhospitable environment, both transient and resident, influenced by environment and host factors, cause acne and body odor

small- increasing pH has increasing microbes, E faecalis, lactobacilli
large- most microbes in body, obligate anaerobes, bacteroides, clostridium, produce vitamins and gas

first line of defense, no memory, does not rely on previous exposure