AP Psych Quiz 1 (Research Methods and Perspectives)

survey method (Definition)

series of questions to have humans respond to gather information

survey method (Advantages)

1. easier to get large group of data 2. cheap and efficient 3. data is easy to interpret

survey method (disadvantages)

1. Only surface level research 2. "self report"; cannot guarantee accuracy in answers

naturalistic observation (definition)

not interfering just observation with no manipulation of environment

naturalistic observation (advantages)

1. authenticity 2. easy, cost efficient 3. practical

naturalistic observation (disadvantages)

1. presence of observer can cause study subject to alter behavior 2. possibility of ethical conflict

case study (definition)

in depth study of one or more people in an unusual scenario

case study (advantages)

1. in-depth due to focused study 2. allows studying in a unique way that is difficult or possibly unethical to recreate 3. can lead to further studies to due discoveries

case study (disadvantages)

1. cannot apply broadly 2. expensive, time consuming

experiment (definition)

controlled study to find the answer to a specific question/ prove a cause and effect relationship

experiment (advantages)

1. high level of control 2. only method to show a definitive cause and effect relationship

experiment (disadvantages)

1. may not translate well to real "uncontrolled" world 2. participant size will be small 3. expensive, time consuming 4. to follow labor laws, experimenters cannot continue experiment past labor laws human abilities even if needed for the experiment

nature vs. nurture

longstanding controversy over the contributions that genes and experience add to traits and behavior

functionalism

how mental and behavioral processes function

structuralism

"structure of the mind" expressing your own perspective and what you know about yourself (bias)

emerisism

view that knowledge originates in experience

experimental psychology

the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method psychologist: Mary Calkins

behaviorism

the view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes psychologists: John B. Watson, B.F Skinner

humansitic psychology

a historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people psychologists: Carl Rodgers, Abraham Maslow

cognitive neuroscience

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)- understanding mental process

psychology

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

3 main levels of analysis

biological, psychological, social-cultural

biopsychosocial approach

an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

biological influences

1. natural selection of adaptive traits 2. genetic predispositions responding to environment 3. brain mechanisms 4. hormonal influences

psychological influences

1. learned fears and other learned expectations 2. emotional responses 3. cognitive processing and perceptual interpretations

social-cultural influences

1. presence of others 2. cultural, societal, and family expectations 3. peer and other group influences 4. compelling models (such as in the media)

psychodynamic

the role of the unconscious Psychologists: Freud