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#Media-Studies

#11th

92 Terms
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Indigenous knowledge
Knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society.
Indigenous Media
It is owned, controlled, and managed by indigenous peoples in order for them to develop and produce culturally appropriate information in the languages understood by the community by utilizing indigenous materials and resources, reflecting community needs and interests, visions and aspirations, and independent from vested interest groups.
Genre
It comes from the French word meaning 'type' or 'class‘ and can be recognized by its common set of distinguishing features (codes and conventions).
Codes
Systems of signs, which create meaning.
Conventions
The generally accepted ways of doing something.
Technical, Symbolic, & Written
The 3 types of code.
Technical codes
Ways in which equipment is used to tell the story (camera techniques, framing, depth of fields, lighting and exposure, etc.).
Symbolic codes
Shows what is beneath the surface of what we see (objects, setting, body language, clothing, color, etc. )
Written codes
It is the use of language style and textual layout (headlines, captions, speech bubbles, language style, etc. ).
Intellectual Property
refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; symbols, names, and images used in commerce.
Copyright
It's a legal term used to describe the rights that creators have over their literary and artistic works • books, music, paintings, sculpture, and films, to computer programs, databases, advertisements, maps, and technical drawings.
Patent

An exclusive right granted for an invention • provides the owner with the right to decide how - or whether - the invention can be used by others.

Trademarks
a sign capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one enterprise from those of other enterprises.
Industrial Design
It constitutes the ornamental or aesthetic aspect of an article. • may consist of three-dimensional features, such as the shape or surface of an article, or of two-dimensional features, such as patterns, lines, or color.
Geographical Indications and Appellations of Origin
signs used on goods that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities, a reputation or characteristics that are essentially attributable to that place of origin • Most commonly includes the name of the place of origin of the goods.
Fair use
It means you can use copyrighted material without a license only for certain purposes.
Creative commons
It is an American non-profit organization devoted to expanding the range of creative works available for others to build upon legally and to share.
Visual media and information
Materials, programs, applications, and the like that teachers and students use to formulate new information to aid learning through the use, analysis, evaluation, and production of visual images.
Formally and informally produced visual media.
Visual media produced by formal organizations such as schools, government, and established media/publishing outfits are considered formally produced. Other visual media are considered informally produced.
Purpose of visual media
to gain attention, create meaning, and facilitate retention.
Lines
Describes a shape or outline. It can create texture and can be thick or thin. It may be actual, implied, vertical, horizontal, diagonal, or contour.
Shapes
Usually, a geometric area stands out from the space next to or around it, or because of differences in value, color, or texture. It may also be organic.
Value
The degree of light and dark in a design. It is the contrast between black and white and all the tones in between. It can be used with color as well as black and white. Contrast is the extreme changes between values.
Texture

The way a surface feels or is perceived to feel. It can be added to attract or repel interest to a visual element.

Color

determined by its hue, intensity (purity of the hue), and value (lightness or darkness of hue). It may be used for emphasis, or may elicit emotions from viewers. It maybe warm, cool, or neutral. It plays a major role in our visual perception, as it influences our reactions about the world around us. It has three properties: hue, saturation, brightness.

Form
A figure having volume and thickness. An illusion of a 3-dimensional object can be implied with the use of light and shading. It can be viewed from many angles.
Consistency

This refers to constancy in margins, typeface, typestyle, and colors are necessary, especially in slide presentations or documents that are more than one page.

Center of interest
An area that first attracts attention in a composition. This area is more important when compared to the other objects or elements in a composition. This can be by contrast of values, more colors, and placement in the format.
Balance

A feeling of visual equality in shape, form, value, color, etc. It can be symmetrical and evenly balanced, or asymmetrical and unevenly balanced. Objects, values, colors, textures, shapes, forms, etc. can be used in creating balance in a composition.

Harmony
Brings together a composition with similar units. If for example your composition was using wavy lines and organic shapes, you would stay with those types of lines and not put in just one geometric shape.
Contrast
Offers some change in value creating a visual discord in a composition. It shows the difference between shapes and can be used as a background to bring objects out and forward in a design. It can also be used to create an area of emphasis.
Directional Movement
A visual flow through the composition. It can be the suggestion of motion in a design as you move from object to object by way of placement and position. It can be created with a value pattern. It is with the placement of dark and light areas that you can move your attention through the format.
Rhythm
A movement in which some elements recur regularly. Like a dance, it will have a flow of objects that will seem to be like the beat of the music.
Perspective

Created through the arrangement of objects in two-dimensional space to look like they appear in real life. It is a learned meaning of the relationship between different objects seen in space.

Massive Open Online Course
This is what the abbreviation MOOC stands for.
MOOCs
A model for delivering learning content online to any person who wants to take a course, with no limit on attendance. It is an asynchronous, open-access, Web-based courses geared toward enrolling hundreds or thousands of students at a time.
Massive
It is one of the features of MOOCs It should allow access to a very large number of students, much larger than a face-to-face class, or a traditional online course. It can even reach up to 500,000 learners or more!
Open

It is one of the features of MOOCs. It does not have an admission process or qualifications to be able to register or enroll. MOOCs being accessible also means free and open access to educational resources hosted in varied online places.

Online
It is one of the features of MOOCs. The course is done remotely via the Internet and does not require physical attendance in a classroom, which also means that anyone from anywhere around the world with an Internet connection can avail of these courses.
Courses
It is one of the features of MOOCs. It should have learning objectives to be achieved by students after certain activities within a given period of time.
Radio broadcast

  • live or recorded audio sent through radio waves to reach a wide audience.

Music
vocal and/or instrumental sounds combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion. It is composed and performed for many purposes, ranging from aesthetic pleasure, religious or ceremonial purposes, or as an entertainment product.
Sound recording
Recording of an interview, meeting, or any sound from the environment.
Sound clips/ effects
Any sound, other than music or speech, artificially reproduced to create an effect in a dramatic presentation, as the sound of a storm or a creaking door.
Audio Podcast
A digital audio or video file or recording, usually part of a themed series, that can be downloaded from a website to a media player or computer.
Tape
A magnetic tape on which sound can be recorded.
CD
A plastic-fabricated, circular medium for recording, storing, and playing back audio, video, and computer data.
USB Drive

An external flash drive, small enough to carry on a key ring, that can be used with any computer that has a USB port.

Memory Card
It's a small storage medium used to store data such as text, pictures, audio, and video, for use on small, portable, or remote computing devices.
Hard Drive
A secondary storage devices for storing audio files.
Internet Cloud

Websites or file repositories for retrieving audio files, and more precisely the files are stored in some data center full of servers that is connected to the Internet.

MP3 (Moving Picture Experts Group(MPEG) Audio Layer 3)
A common format for consumer audio, as well as a standard of digital audio compression for the transfer and playback of music on most digital audio players.
M4A/AAC (MPEG-4 Audio/Advanced Audio Coding)

An audio coding standard for lossy digital audio compression. Designed to be the successor of the MP3 format, it generally achieves better sound quality than MP3 at similar bit rate

WAV - Waveform Audio File Format
It's a Microsoft audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream on PCs. It has become a standard file format for game sounds, among others.
WMA (Windows Media Audio)
is an audio data compression technology developed by Microsoft and used with Windows Media Player.
ELEMENTS OF SOUND DESIGN
– the objects or things that we have to work with.
PRINCIPLES OF SOUND DESIGN
- the techniques for combining different elements or objects.
Text
A simple and flexible format of presenting information or conveying ideas whether hand-written, printed or displayed on-screen.
Serif
It is a great choice for designs that want to be seen as trustworthy, established, and reliable. This font connotes formality and readability in large amount of texts.
Sans Serif
This fonts are the best choice if you want your designs to feel modern, sophisticated, and cutting edge. brings a clean or minimalist look to the text.
Slab Serif
Use as a bolder type for emphasis, it was often used for general-purpose body text for example if legibility was considered important. This font can be used for large advertising sign on billboards
Script
This font tends to be more acceptable when they are used in titles. This is because the flowing, decorative letters look better when they are used in a higher point size.
Decorative
These fonts convey uniqueness and emphasize originality. Additionally, their flexibility lets companies decide which emotions to focus on through mixing and matching different font styles.
Emphasis
Refers to the importance or value given to a part of the text-based content.
Appropriateness
Refers to how fitting or suitable the text is used for a specific audience, purpose or event.
Proximity
Refers to how near or how far are the text elements from each other.
Organization
Refers to a conscious effort to organize the different text elements in a page.
Allignment
Refers to how the text is positioned in the page. This can be left, right, center or justified.
Repetition

Concerns consistency of elements and the unity of the entire design. It encourages the use of repeating some typefaces within the page.

Contrast
Creates visual interest to text elements. It is achieved when two elements are different from each other.

Plagiarism

The act of using another person’s words or ideas without giving credit to that person. It is the practice of taking someone else’s work or ideas and passing them off a one’s own.

Visual Texture

It is the illusion of the surfaces peaks and valleys, resulting in a feeling of smoothness or roughness in objects.

RA No. 8293

Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines.

The Ghost Writer

The writer turns in another’s work, word-for-word, as his or her own.

The Photocopy

The writer copies significant portions of text straight from a single source, without alteration.

The Potluck Paper

The writer copies from several different sources, tweaking the sentences to make them fit together while retaining most of the original phrasing.

The Poor Disguise

The writer has slightly altered the paper’s appearance by changing keywords and phrases.

The Labor of Laziness

The writer take the time to paraphrase most of the paper from other sources and make it all fit together.

The Self-Stealer

The writer “borrows” generously from his or her previous work.

The Forgotten Footnote

The writer mentions an author’s name for a source, but neglects to include specific information on the location of the material referenced.

The Misinformer

The writer provides inaccurate information regarding the sources, making it impossible

“The Too - Perfect Paraphrase”

The writer properly cite the source, but neglects to put in quotation marks on text that has been copied word-for-word or close to it.

The Resourceful Citer

The writer properly cites all sources, paraphrasing and using quotations appropriately. The catch? The paper contains almost no original work!

“The Perfect Crime”

The writer properly quotes and cite sources in some places, but goes on to paraphrase other arguments from those sources without citation.

Literary works validity period

Lifetime of author & 50 years after death

Art validity period

25 years from date of creation

Photographic Works validity period

50 years from publication

Audio-Visual Work validity period

50 years from publication

Sound Recording validity period

50 years from year of recording

Broadcast Recording validity period

20 years from date of broadcast

Trademark

valid for 10 years & renewable

Invention Patent

valid for 20 years from filing