Notebook 1-4 Quiz

Middle Ages

Time between fall of Rome and Renaissance

Abbasad Caliphate, Crusades, and Mongols

How knowledge from the Greeks and Romans spread to other Europeans.

Europe during 14th century

During this time people rediscovered and utilized classical knowledge

Italian Renaissance

Greek and Roman history and achievements. Art styled after Greek roman art. Biblical scenes and classical myths and well as Greek gods were subjects of art.

Education during Italian Renaissance

Focused on being well rounded in art, philosophy, science and rhetoric (language)

Francesco Petrarch

One of the first to read and study classics part of Italian Renaissance

Niccolo Michaiavelli

Writer of Renaissance came from war-torn city states wrote “Prince” part of Italian Renaissance

Leonardo Bruni

Advocated being proactive. Includes voting and being involved in politics discussing issues. Focus on secular life and shaping world as a citizen. Part of Italian Renaissance

Humanism

Value and agency of humans using thinking and evidence

Humanist Literature

Does not focus on god, gives realistic picture of what life is like. Talks about real life events and does not portray heroic people.

Giovanna Boccacio

Wrote the Decameron and was a writer who wrote about moral dilemmas people deal with rather than being heroic. Part of Italian Renaissance

Christian Humanism

People started reading classical Christian texts and focused on individual spiritual life and connection to god.

Enlightment thinkers focused on

Science discoveries, philosophy, as well as classical texts were the main focus of the Renaissance artists and writers.

Northern Renaissance

Emphasis on regular human life and themes ( outlying about personal connection to god)

erasmus

Christian Humanist who wrote the Praise of Fully

Thomas Moore

Writer of Northern Renaissance wrote Utopia and portrayed idealistic society

Nepotism

Favoring relatives and giving them power

Secularism

Not attaching any actions or decisions that are taken with religion.

Jean Bodin

Influential intellectual who believes church was corrupt, especially pope and that it should not be involved in politics or things like taxes, land and anointing.

Civic Humanism

Questioning of corrupt church and emphasis on secular political life without church interference

Medieval art

Emphasis on god, architecture consists of Basic architecture as well as vibrant colors and not much detail

Renaissance art

Emphasis on regular and individual life. Use of detail as well as architecture, classical figures, and style

Raphael

Artists during Renaissance and creator of the piece School of Athens

Leonardo da Vinci

Creator of Mona Lisa and artist during Northern Renaissance

donatello

Florentine sculptor famous for his lifelike sculptures

Michelangelo

Sculptor and Painter responsible for creating Sistine Chapel

Rembrandt

Artist during Renaissance responsible for spreading awareness about human anatomy created Anatomy Lesson

Skepticism

Doubt and question things accepted as true

Ptolemy

Creator of the geocentric model where earth is in middle

Galen

Greek anatomist whose theories formed the basis of European medicine until the Renaissance

Aristotle

Invented the idea of gravity and other things as well

Copernicus

Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center

galileo

Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars; demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate confirmed copernicus’ theory

Vesalius

Surgeon who began dissecting cadeavers;

Scientific Method

Something is only true if it can be tested, observed, and repeated

Issac newton

Defined universal laws known as Newtonian physics also developer of calculus

Ren Descartes

Founder of deductive reasoning

Deductive reasoning

Using logical deduction to make logical conclusion through process of elimination

Francis Bacon

Invented of inductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning

Using evidence, patterns, and observations to gather strong evidence for truth.

Royal societies/ Royal societies of !ondon

Monarchs and government began to fund scientists and created societies of scientist whose main job was to question, develop, and test new ideas.

Greco-Roman texts

Texts of certain people that would challenge power of universities and churches and shift from theological focus to scientific

Venice and Florence

Main centers of Italian Renaissance

Italy at the time of Renaissance

Center of commerce and papacy, through which merchants and crusaders returned with Ancient Christian and Greek texts.

Education in Middle Ages

Focused on professional training and theology (religion)

Renaissance Humanism

Study of humanities (art, philosophy, history)

sonnets

Series of stories Petrarch would write about moral isssues

The Decameron

Compilation of stories of many different people

Classical Christian texts

Bible, St,Augustine

What Christianity depended on

Relied on pope, religious rituals, traditions, and relics

The Prince

Anything works in politics it can be just, unjust, loving, brutal as long as it works

Visual and literary art

We can see issues and ideas of that time and generation through these

Aristotle, Cicero, Plato, Socrates

Classical figures in Renaissance

Geometric Perspective

Attempt by artists to make each painting or sculpture accurately.

Characteristics of Renaissance Art

3d characters, with shadowing, expressions, shading, and expressions of humans.

Patrons

People who would hire artists to paint their family in geometric perspective and real human style.

Catholic Church

This place also hired artists to sculpt and design religious statues and buildings

Filippo Brunelleschi

Architect known for creating cathedral in Florence

William Harvey

made conclusion that bodies function universally in humans as integrated system

Development in 16th century

New technology, inventions, and math provided way to effectively test skepticism. Things like telescopes, microscopes, vacuum pumps, and thermometers were invented.