AP United States Government and Politics Chapter 11

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appropriations

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20 Terms
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appropriations

provides an agency with budget authority and allows the agency to incur obligations and to make payments from the US treasury for specified purposes

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caucuses

a group of members of congress sharing some interest or characteristic. many are composed of members from both parties and from both houses

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filibuster/cloture

a strategy unique to the senate whereby opponents of a piece of legislature use their right to unlimited debate to prevent the senate form ever voting on a bill. co-members present and voting can halt a filibuster

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committee of the whole

committee of the House on which all Representatives serve and which meets in the House Chamber of the consideration of measures from the union calendar

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joint committee

congressional committees on a few subject matter areas with membership drawn from both houses

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conference committee

congressional committees formed when the Senate and the House pass a particular bill in different forms. Party leadership appoints members fro each house to iron out the difference and bring back a single bill

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select committees

congressional committees appointed for a specific purpose, such as the watergate investigation

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standing committees

separate subject-matter committees in each house of Congress that handle bills in different political areas

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logrolling

process by which politicians trade support for one issue in exchange for another politicians support

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mark up

process by which a committee debates, amends, and rewrites proposed legislation

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legislativce oversight

congress’s monitoring of the bureaucracy and its administration of policy performed mainly through hearings

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party whips

party leaders who work with the majority leader to count votes beforehand and lean on wavers whose votes are crucial to a bill favored by the party

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pork barrel

federal projects , grants, and contracts available to state and local governments, businesses, colleges, and other institutions in a congressional district

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seniority system

a simple rule for picking committee chairs, in effect until the 1970’s. The member who had served on the committee the longest and whose party controlled the chamber, became chair, regardless of party loyalty, mental state of competance

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casework

activities of members of Congress that help constituents as individuals, particularly by cutting through bureaucratic red tap e to get people what they think they have a right to get

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bill

a propsed law, drafted in legal language. anyone can draft a bill, but only members of house or senate can formally submit a bill for consideration

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incumbents

those already holding office, in congressional elections, incumbents usually win

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speaker of the house

an office mandated by the constitution. the speaker is chosen in practice by the majority party. has both formal and informal powers, and is second in line to succeed to the presidency should that office become vacant

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majority leader

the principal partisan ally of the speaker of the house, or the party’s manager in the senate. the majority leader is responsible for scheduling bills, influencing committee assignments, and rounding up votes on behalf of the party’s legislative positions

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minority leader

the principal leader of the minority party on the house of reps or in the senate

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