Med Term Final Study

obstetrician

a physician who specializes in providing medical care to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and immediately thereafter

gynocologist

specialist who studies and treats diseases of women

breast cancer genes

BRCA1 and BRCA2

episiotomy

surgical incision of the perineum to enlarge the vagina and so facilitate delivery during childbirth

hyster/o

uterus, womb

ligat-

to tie up

tubal ligation

a surgical sterilization procedure in which the fallopian tubes are sealed or cut to prevent sperm from reaching a mature ovum

mast-

breast

mamm-

mammary glands

endo-

within, inner

multi-

many, much

-para

to bring forth

PSA

prostate-specific antigen

rectal exam

internal examination of the rectum

prostate gland

A gland in males that contributes to the seminal fluid.

trans-

across, through

impotence

erectile dysfunction

epididymitis

inflammation of the epididymis

prepuce

foreskin; loose casing that covers the glans penis; removed by circumcision

-genesis

beginning; origin

-plasia

development, formation, growth

cryptorchidism

undescended testes

Testes

male gonads; singular form testis

orchid/o

testes

UTI

urinary tract infection

diruretic

drug that promotes the excretion of urine

CKD

chronic kidney disease

CRF

chronic renal failure

Pyle/o

renal pelvis

nephr/o

kidney; nephron

calculi

small stones; plural form: calculus

Urinary incontinence (UI)

inability to control urination

urologist

physician who studies and treats diseases of the urinary tract

dysuria

painful urination

hemouria

blood in the urine

kidney

nephr/o, ren/o

urin-

urine

cysto

bladder

-scopy/-scopic

look, observe

enuresis

bed wetting

nephrologist

physician who studies and treats diseases of the kidney

astigmatism

inability to focus light rays entering the eyes at different planes

myopia

nearsightedness

hyperopia

farsightedness

esotropia

turning the eye inward toward the nose

bilateral

both sides

unilateral

pertaining to one side

anti-

against

myringotomy, tympanostomy

two surgical procedures on the ear

acute otitis media

inflammation of the middle ear that is of sudden onset

tinnitus

ringing or buzzing in the ears

acute

New, usually of rapid onset and of concern, opposite of chronic

chronic

continuing for a long time

vertigo

dizziness

Conjunctivitis

inflammation of the conjunctiva (pink eye)

blephar/o

eyelid

-itis

inflammation

ophthalmologist

physician who studies and treats diseases of the eye

exotropia

outward turning of the eye, away from the nose

angi/o

blood vessel

-graphy

the process of producing a picture or record

syncope

fainting

Dementia

chronic, progressive loss of cognitive and intellectual functions

febrile seizures

Seizures that result from sudden high fevers; most often seen in children.

aneurysm

dilation or ballooning of an artery or cardiac chamber

viscer-

internal organs

Epilepsy

seizure disorder; word derived from the Greek word for seizure

hemi-

half

-plegia

paralysis

-paresis

weakness

quadri-

four

CSF

cerebrospinal fluid

CVA

cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

an-

without

esthesi/o, -esthesia

feeling, nervous sensation

contusion

bruise

afferent

conveying toward a center

efferent

conveying away from the center

hyperglycemia

high blood sugar

Hypoglycemia

low blood sugar

glycem-

sugar; glycerol or similar substance

idiopathic

pertaining to disease of unknown origin

endocrine

secreting internally

dips/o

thirst or thirsty

poly

many

-ia

condition of

polydispia

excessive thirst

exophthalmos

abnormal protrusion of the eyeball

exo-

outside

extra-

outside, beyond

supra-

above, upper

cardi-

heart

myo-

muscle

-logist

specialist in the study of

vaso-

blood vessel

Dialation

widening, stretching, expanding

constriction

narrowing

brady-

slow

ischemia

lack of blood flow

electro-

electric; electricity

-gram

to record

hyper-

over, above, beyond the ordinary

hypo-

under, below

tension

pressure

thrombus

stationary blood clot

anticoagulant

slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming

Pulse locations

carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis

CPR

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

hemo-/hema-

blood (hemoglobin)

-ology

study of

mono-

one, single

erythr/o-

red, red blood cell

thromb/o

blood clot

fibro-

fibrous

-blast

immature cell

auto-

self, own

allo-

other, different

-stasis

stopping, controlling

cyan/o

blue

-penia

decrease, deficiency

-osis

abnormal condition

-oma

tumor, mass, swelling

embolus

A clot that breaks lose and travels through the bloodstream.

SOB

shortness of breath

pan-

all, entire

COPD

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

epi-

above, upon, on

-staxis

dripping, trickling

eu-

good, normal

-pnea

breathing, respiration

URI

upper respiratory tract infection; common cold

-ectomy

surgical removal

pnuem-/pulmon-

lungs, air

-ptysis

spitting up, coughing up

thorax

pleural cavity, chest

deep

further into the body

superficial

near the surface of the body

sub-

under, below

lingual

tongue

gastro-

stomach

enter/o

intestines (usually the small intestine)

Gastrointestinal

pertaining to the stomach and intestines

endocrine glands

glands that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream; opposite of exocrine

exocrine glands

secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body; opposite of endocrine

GERD

gastroesophageal reflux disease

cholelithiasis

gallstones

-emesis

vomiting

Peristalsis

Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system.

-phagia

eating, swallowing

dys-

bad, painful, difficult

Digestion

Breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used

root

core element of medical words

diagnosis

identification of a disease; plural is diagnoses

ileum

third part of the small intestine

Distal

away from the point of attachment

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

Superior

toward the head

Inferior

away from the head

Anterior

front of the body

Posterior

back of body

Homeostasis

maintaining the stablity of a body system or the body's internal environment

integumentary system

Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail

supine position

lying on back, facing upward

prone position

lying face down

patella

kneecap

Body Quadrants

divides the abdomen into four areas

biopsy

the removal of living tissue from the body for laboratory examination

allograft

use of tissue from another person

autograft

transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another site in the same individual

congenital

present at birth

Osteoporosis

A condition in which the body's bones become more porous , fragile or weak and fracture easily.

strain

injury to a muscle or tendon

sprain

injury to a ligament

-pathy

disease

Medial

toward the midline

tri-

three

brachi

upper arm

-al

pertaining to

pecto-

chest

hypertrophy

excessive development

-trophy

growth, enlargement

Femur

thigh bone

myle

marrow, spinal cord

Scapulae

shoulder blades

sebum

oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands

Tendon

fibrous band that connects muscle to bone

ligament

flexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another at a joint

scler/o

hardening

derm-

skin

intra-

within, inside

musclu/o

muscle

-ar

pertaining to

hypoxic

pertaining to a low level of oxygen

encephal/o

brain