Marine Ecology: Taxonomy

Classification vs. Taxonomy

Classification: - the grouping of items based on a set of standards - binomial nomenclature - modern systems of classifications use evolutionary relationships Taxonomy: - the study of the relationships between organisms - has categories

Biodiversity vs. Genetic diversity vs. Ecological diversity

Biodiversity - the number of different species in a given area Genetic diversity - Between members of the same species Ecological diversity - Differs depending on climate changes (if abiotic factors don't change much, it will have higher biodiversity)

regional biodiversity effects: Latitude, altitude, nutrient level

- Biodiversity increases as latitude and altitude decrease - Lower levels of nutrients have the most biodiversity (clear water = little nutrients. Coral reefs are the second-most biodiverse ecosystems on earth)

Taxa, from least to most specific

Domain Kings Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Don't Kings Play Chess On Fine Green Sands

Kingdom Animalia

- Under domain eukarya - multicellular - heterotrophs - sexual and asexual reproduction (budding) - Cells are organized into tissues and organs (complex organ systems) - Most animals are motile for at least portion of life cycle

Kingdom Plantae

- under domain eukarya - mostly multicellular - cell wall composed of cellulose - most are autotrophic (few are heterotrophic) - sexual reproduction with flowers and cones - asexual reproduction with budding and fragmentation

Kingdom Fungi

- under domain eukarya - unicellular or multicellular - heterotrophic - reproduces sexually and asexually (spores, budding/fragmentation, or hyphae) - No motility - Cell walls contain chitin (carbohydrate) - Threadlike structures called hyphae used for feeding, growth, and reproduction

Kingdom Protista

- under domain eukarya - Most are unicellular, but can be colonial, or multicellular - heterotrophic + autotrophic - Motility = species-specific: flagella, cilia, pseudopods - Can reproduce asexually (binary fission/budding) or sexually - 3 categories - Plant-like - Animal-like - Fungus-like - Primarily live in aquatic/marine environments, and are even found living in humans

Phylum Annelida

segmented worms

Phylum Arthropoda

jointed legs + exoskeleton

Phylum Bryozoa

only colonial + all filter feeders

Phylum Chordata

Dorsal spinal cord + vertebrates

Phylum Chaetognatha

Worm-like - slim with fins

Phylum Cnidaria

Radial symmetry + No brain + Eye spots+ Singular hole for feeding and excretion

Phylum Ctenophora

Bilaterally symmetrical + Bioluminescence + Clear + Comb rows of fused cilia for movement

Phylum Echinodermata

Inner shell + Tubed feet + Radial symmetry

Phylum Mollusca

Mantle, secretes shell of mollusk + Muscular foot

Phylum Porifera

All sessile + Strictly filter feeders + pore bearing