Bio Chapter 4

The ability to do work

Energy is

Chemical energy

The type of energy stored in molecules

Cells

ATP is used by these

Bonds between phosphates

The ATP energy is stored in

The bond between the third phosphate is broken

ATP energy is released when

Adenine, ribose, 3 phosphate groups

ATP is made of

36

How many ATP molecules come from carbohydrates?

36

How many ATP molecules come from proteins?

146

How many ATP molecules come from lipids?

Carbohydrates

The carbon-based molecules your body breaks down for energy first

Proteins

The carbon-based molecules your body breaks down for energy last

Carbohydrates

The body's immediate energy source

Lipids

The body's stored energy source

Autotrophs/producers

Organisms that produce their own food

Heterotrophs

Organisms that eat other organisms for food

Chemosynthesis

Used by autotrophs instead of photosynthesis

Chemicals from hydrothermal vents

Chemosynthesis involves this instead of the sun

Deep sea

Where are organisms that produce chemosynthesis found?

Sunlight+H2O+CO2>C6H12O6+O2

Equation for photosynthesis

Red and blue

The colors absorbed by chlorophyll

Green

The color reflected by chlorophyll

Grana

stacks of thylakoids

Thylakoids

Membranes in the chloroplast where light-dependent reactions take place

Stroma

The liquid inside the chloroplast where light-independent reactions take place

Light-dependent reactions

The reaction that takes place inside the thylakoid

Photon energy

The type of energy that light-dependent reactions come from

Chlorophyll

Light-absorbing pigments in the chloroplast

Photosystem II

The first photosystem

Photosystem II

Water is split here to form an e- and H+. The e- travels through the ETC

Photosystem I

The second photosystem

Electron Transport Chain

The place within the membrane the electron moves through

NADPH

The energy from the electron in the ETC of the light-dependent reaction creates

ATP synthase

During the light-dependent reaction, H+ move through this producing ATP

Water

This is split during the light-dependent reaction to create an e- and H+

ATP & NADPH

The products from the ETC in photosynthesis, used in the light-independent reaction

Calvin Cycle

The cycle in light-dependent reactions

Glucose

Produced by the light-independent reaction

Krebs cycle

The cycle that occurs in the mitochondria matrix

C6H12O6+O2>CO2+H2O

equation for cellular respiration

6-carbon glucose

Glycolysis reactants

Pyruvate, ATP, & NADH

products of glycolysis

Anaerobic

Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic?

Anaerobic

Does not require oxygen

Aerobic

requires oxygen

2

How many ATP is produced during glycolysis?

Cytoplasm

where glycolysis occurs

Mitochondrial matrix

Where the Krebs cycle occurs

Acetyl CoA

In the mitochondria, pyruvate becomes this

FADH2 & NADH

What are the energy molecules made in the Krebs' Cycle?

2

How many ATP are produced during the Krebs' Cycle?

Inner mitochondrial membrane

The ETC for cellular respiration is here

38

How many ATP are produced total during cellular respiration?

NAD+

Fermentation converts NADH to this to continue glycolysis

When there is no oxygen

When does fermentation occur?

Animals and bacteria

What organisms produce lactic acid during fermentation?

Yeast

What organisms produce alcohol during fermentation?

0

How many ATP are produced during fermentation?

ADP

When a phosphate group is removed from ATP, it becomes this

Thylakoids

A

Grana

B

Sunlight

C

H2O

D (Reactant)

Light-dependent reaction

E (Reaction name)

O2

F (Product)

ATP

G (Product of LD reaction)

NADPH

H (Product of LD reaction)

NADP+

I (Product of LI reaction, recycled for use in LD reaction)

ADP+P

J (Product of LI reaction, recycled for use in LD reaction)

CO2

K (Reactant)

Stroma

L

Light-independent reaction

M (Reaction name)

Calvin Cycle

N (Cycle name)

Glucose

O (Product)

Glucose

A (Reactant)

Glycolysis

B (Reaction name)

2

C (Number of ATP released during glycolysis)

Acetyl CoA

D (Pyruvate is converted to this)

Krebs Cycle

E (Cycle name)

2

F (Number of ATP produced in Krebs cycle)

CO2

G (Gas released from glycolysis)

NADH

H (Product from Krebs cycle, used in ETC)

FADH2

I (Product from Krebs cycle, used in ETC)

Electron Transport Chain

J

O2

K (Reactant of ETC)

34

L (Number of ATP produced in ETC)

H2O

M (Product of ETC)