HOC1: Chapter 2, Tissues

what are tissues

several cells with similar structure that join together to accomplish a common function

types of tissues

-muscle -epithelial -nervous -connective

parts of epithelial tissue

epithelia and glands

epethelia

tissues that cover the body and line cavities within the body

function of glands

secrete chemicals

function of epithelial tissues

-protects the body from physical damage -controls what substances enter and leave the body -provide sensory information-secretes various substances

types of epithelia

-simple squamous -simple cuboidal -simple columnar -stratified

simple squamous epithelium

single layer of cells; rapid diffusion of substances because of its thinness

locations of simple squamous epithelium

-found in gas exchanging cavities (alveoli) of the lungs -lining of the abdominal cavity -lines the blood vessels

simple cuboidal epithelium

typically involved with secretion or absorption; surrounds tubules in the kidneys and are present in various secretory glands

simple columnar epithelium

have secretory and absorptive functions; found in the stomach and intestines and in the lining of some of the ducts in the kidneys

stratified epithelia

found where chemical and mechanical protection are needed most

locations of stratified epithelia

-surface of the skin -mouth and throat

connective tissue

most abundant and widespread; found throughout the body

functions of connective tissue

-giving the body and organs the strength to resist external forces (including gravity) -protecting internal organs-maintaining the proper shape of organs (to keep trachea from collapsing) -providing the rigid framework on which muscles can pull, allowing movement

types of connective tissue

-connective tissue proper -cartilage -bone -blood

muscle tissue

allows our body to move

types of muscle tissue

-skeletal muscle (pulls on bones to make us move; voluntary) -cardiac muscle (heart; involuntary) -smooth muscle (found in the walls of hollow organs including blood vessels, airways, GI tract, bladder, and uterus; involuntary)

nerve tissue

-conveys information by electrical signals -concentrated in the brain and spinal cord, but nerves extend throughout the body

amino acids

building blocks of proteins

glucose

simple sugar

biochemistry

the study of molecules of life

lipids

fats

nucleic acids

information carrying molecules

protein

helps build and repair tissues

carbohydrates

serves as an immediate source of energy

water

all life is made of this and needs this to live

DNA

a polymer of nucleotides with the base adenosine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine; where our genes are located