Anatomy Exam Multiple Choice

In the human body, the most complex level of organization is the?

Organ System

Which of the following is described as layers or masses that have common functions?

Tissue

The sum of all chemical reactions in the body is called?

Metabolism

The self-initiated change in an organism's position or travel from one place to another is?

Movement

When an organism produces new body materials faster than old ones are worn out, the process is called?

Growth

The movement of substances within the body within body fluids is:

Circulation

The most abundant chemical in the body is?

Water

The rate at which chemical reactions take place in the body is controlled by

Heat

Which of the following is a cooling process?

Sweating

Homeostasis in a healthy person

changes around the set point

When a person's body heat rises, the brain's temperature control center

increases the loss of body heat

In maintaining homeostasis, the feedback to the control center is triggered by

changes away from the set point

The mediastinum is within the

thoracic cavity

The peritoneal membranes create a potential space in the

abdominopelvic cavity

Which of the following is not a part of the integumentary system?

mucous membranes

The system that produces progeny is the

reproductive system

Which of the following is not descriptive of the anatomical position?

head turned to the right

Regarding direction terms that describe the positions of body structures, which of the following is correct?

The ears are lateral to the nose.

Tissues are composed of

similar specialized cells

Tissues are classified according to

cellular appearance and function

The function of epithelial tissue is to

cover body surfaces

All of the following statements about epithelial tissue are true except

epithelial cells are tightly packed and contain abundant extracellular material

The function of flat, simple squamous tissue cells is

diffusion and filtration

Simple columnar epithelium is found in the

digestive system

A specialization of some simple columnar epithelium is

microvilli that extend outward from the cells

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is found in the

skin

Transitional epithelium is specialized to

stretch

The defining characteristic of holocrine glands is

discharge of both secretory cell and its product

Which is not a characteristic of connective tissue?

The cells of connective tissue are closely packed together.

Fibroblasts within connective tissue produce

all of the above

The connective tissue surrounding muscle groups is

loose connective tissue

Tendons and ligaments receive their strength from

irregularly arranged collagenous fibers

Fibrocartilage is found in the

joints of the pelvic girdle

The formed elements of blood include

RBC, WBC, Platelets= all of the above

The muscle tissue that is consciously controlled is

skeletal muscle

Intercalated discs are found in

cardiac muscle

The basic conductive cells of nervous tissue are

neurons

Mucous membranes are located

in the lining of cavities and tubes that have openings to the outside of the body

The function of synovial membranes is to secrete a fluid that

assures oxygen supply to joints

All of the following are functions of the skin except

exchange of gases with the environment

The cells of the epidermis that reproduce are in the

stratum basale

The layer of skin that contains cells whose cytoplasm is filled with keratin is the

stratum corneum

Melanocytes are found in

deep epidermis

The pigment that helps protect the deepest layers of the epidermis and the dermis is

melanin

Sensory and motor fibers in the skin are located in the

dermis

Which layer of epidermis can only be found in the thickened skin of the palms and soles?

stratum lucidum

Which are accessory organs of the skin?

Sweat glands, fingers and toenails, sebaceous glands = all of the above

What pigment is not responsible for hair color?

hemoglobin

The glands usually associated with hair follicles are

sebaceous glands

The sebaceous glands of the skin are

holocrine glands

The growing portion of the nail is the

lunula

Where are the sweat glands most numerous?

the palms and soles

Sponging the skin with water helps to increase the loss of body heat by

evaporation

Which of the following are usually associated with wound healing?

Inflammation, scab formation, scarring = all of the above

Knee injuries are difficult to treat because

the cartilage of the knees does not repair itself

Which of the following components of a bone is non-living?

bone matrix

To what part of the bone do tendons and ligaments attach?

epiphysis

Osteocytes within compact bone tissue are located in very small bony chambers called

lacunae

In compact bone a structure made of osteocytes and extracellular material clustered concentrically around canals is known as

osteons

The band of cartilage between the primary and secondary ossification centers of long bones is called the

epiphyseal disk

During childhood and adolescence, bone growth in length is accomplished by dividing cells in the

epiphysis

The bone cells responsible for continuing remodeling of bones are

osteocytes and osteoblasts= both

When a bone is fractured, a hematoma is formed from blood escaping from

the periosteum

Which of the following is not a function of bone?

produce vitamin D cofactors

In an adult, red marrow is not found in the

diaphysis of long bones

Calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphate, and magnesium are found in

bone's extracellular matrix

The finger and toe bones are called

phalanges

The orbits or eye sockets are located mainly in the

frontal bone

The mastoid process is a bony extension of the

temporal bone

The sella turcica which surrounds the pituitary gland is part of the

sphenoid bone

The fontanels of the infant skull mainly permit

molding of the head to fit through the birth canal

Which of the following is(are) not considered a part of the thoracic cage?

clavicles

The coracoid process is located on the

scapula

Which of the following is not a bone forming the coxa?

the symphysis pubis

The lateral malleolus is a process on the

fibula

The bone of the leg that bears no weight is the

fibula

Which of the following is not a part of the foot?

palm

What structure is in only a few synovial joints?

a meniscus

Bending a joint so that the angle between the bones decreases is

flexion

Moving a part toward the midline of the body is

adduction

A fibrous, flattened, sheet-like tendon is known as

aponeurosis

The connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers is

endomysium

Skeletal muscle cells contain many

Nuclei and mitochondria= both

The dark bands in skeletal muscle that contribute to its striated appearance are known as

A bands

The segment of a muscle fiber that contains both actin and myosin is the

A band

The sarcomere, the basic unit of skeletal muscle extends from

Z line to Z line

Which of the following is not characteristic of the motor end plate on a muscle fiber?

synaptic vesicles

When the cross-bridge of the myosin molecule forms linkages with actin filaments, the result is

shortening of the muscle fiber

ATPase is stored in

the globular portion of the myosin filament

When a nerve impulse reaches the end of a motor neuron,

acetylcholine is released

During high intensity exercise, muscle fibers rely upon what process for energy?

anaerobic respiration

The strength of a muscle in response to different levels of stimulation is determined by the

number of motor units receiving a threshold stimulus

Rhythmicity is a property of

neither

Peristalsis is due to which of the following characteristics of smooth muscle?

rhythmicity

Antagonistic muscles

perform functions opposite to those performed by the prime mover