unit 4 terms

Trans-Atlantic trade

when Europe, the Americas, and Africa trade with each other

caravel

sail used by Portuguese

Treaty of Tordesillas

agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered

Galleons

Spanish war ships that sailed the Atlantic Ocean

Prince Henry

Portuguese ruler who financed expeditions sailing from Africa to India

Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand

Spanish monarchs who financed Columbus's voyage

Dutch traders

people competing against Portuguese; controls Spice Islands

Northwest Passage

route Europeans believed existed to sail to the Pacific Ocean

cash crop

growing crops to sell for money

joint stock companies

small business forming a company to share profit

maritime empires

Spain, Portugal, France, Holland, and Great Britain

tobacco, rubber, turkey, llamas

west to east

Southeast Asia

where Europeans traders conducted business with women

Dahomey

West African Kingdom that flourished due to its trading/slavery

Quebec

French city that traded fur

Jacque Cartier

French explorer who sailed on St. Lawrence river

New Amsterdam

new settlement in North America founded by Henry Hudson

Samuel deChamplain

explorer who tried to find Northwest Passage; suggested settlement

Jamestown

first English settlement in North America

creole

language developed in the Carribean

casta system

catagorize/identify people in America resulting in discrmination

mestizo

a person of mixed racial ancestry (one European, one Native)

santeria

African faith meaning "the way of the saints"

hacienda

method Spanish explorer used to "trick" people to work on their farms

encomienda

Spanish attempt to turn Natives into serfs

east India company

takes advatnage of difference between Hindus and Muslims in India

The Maratha

Hindu group working to take down Mughal Empire

silver

Spanish found in Mexico and uses for money

the Dutch

people able to keep a small trading post in Japan

viceroys

refers to representative in a colony

Queen Nanny

helped lead resistance on Jamacia against Spanish

Roxelana

wife of Suleiman; woman with power in the Ottoman Empire

cossacks

descendents of Mongols living in Russia against Kuzar

Japanese government

persecuted Christains

vizers

refers to advisers of the Sultan in the Ottoman Empire

Ulama

group of scholars in Ottoman Empire

glorious revolution

British event that finally pits a Protestent point of view on the monarchy

William and Mary

put in power to rule Great Britain in 1689

middle passage

voyage that kidnapped Africans to be sold as slaves across the Atlantic

Ana Nzinga

ruler of South African kingdom who fought off Portuguese and recruited women to fight