History Monarchs

absolute monarch

a King or Queen that has all the power in their state.

The idea of the divine right of kings was created by

Jacques Bossuet

The monarchs all wanted BLANK not BLANK

Power; Responsibility

government bureaucracies

People who would work for the government

Richest and most powerful family at this time

Hapsburg

King of Spain at this time

Charles V

Who does Charles give the land to and what relationship did he have with them

Son - Phillip II and Brother - Ferdinand II

Who got what territories

Ferdinand II - Austria and HRE Phillip II - Spain, Netherlands, and the Spanish colonies

What is M

1000

splitting the countries the Hapsburgs had minizmized the BLANK

Risk of losing these countries.

What did Phillip have a lot of

MONEY$$

If Phillip had lots of Money This meant Phillip also had a lot of

Power

What does Phillip use this money on

The Spanish army

What does the Pope ask Phillip

To attack the Ottoman empire because they were not Catholic

What is C

100

What is D

500

Does Phillip win against the Ottoman

Yes

Why does Phillip not like England

They are Protestant (not Catholic)

Does Phillip win against England

NO; This hurt the Catholic reputation and the Spanish reputation.

who is Phillip married to

Mary; daughter of King Henry and Catherine of Aragon

Who does Phillip propose to so he can become king of England

Elizabeth I

King Phillips palace in Spain

Escorial

The escorial represented his ----

Power and wealth

The Escorial had a ------ to represent his Catholicism

Monastery

The Greek artist who was favored because he was Catholic

El Greco

This time period (Spanish renaissance)was similar to what other period

Italian renaissance

Piece of literature that was written at this time by Micheal Cervates

Don Quixote de la Mancha

The idea of the Piece of literature that was wrote at this time by Michael Cervantes

To right every wrong

What is IV

4

What is IX

9

Was the rising and decline of the golden age fast or slow

It took a long time for Spain to get to the golden age and a while for it to decline.

4 ways Spain was losing money

1. Inflation: more gold meant its value went down 2. The population was growing: People needed more stuff 3. Reconquista: no more artisans or business people 4. Taxes: depending on what family you were born into

what is LXXIV

74

Guilds

A group of workers who share and work the same skill

Spain is now very

POOR

Spain would take out ----- from other countries

loans

What is 17

XVII

What is 40

XL

What is 90

XC

The Ca$h crops from the Spanish colonies would go to

The loans they need to pay back

What is I

1

What is V

5

what is 789

DCCLXXXIX

Unlike the Spanish Catholics the Dutch were

Calvinists

The Spanish would heavily ------------- the Dutch

tax the Dutch.

The Spanish fought the Dutch for ------- and eventually stopped due to it being -------

11 years; too expensive

what is CCXLII

242

Rembrandt van Rijn

He was a Dutch artist. His painting were very dark and very dull. He paints usually portraits or people.

Jan Vermeer

Painted women usually who were doing work and indoor. These 2 paintiers painted normal merchants and everyday average people, not rulers or monarchs.

what is 789

DCCLXXXIX

St. Bartholomew's Day massacre

this was a massacre between the Catholics and the Huguenots. The Catholics were massacering the Hugenots.

-------------- was marrying ---------------- on the day of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre

Henry of Navarre; Catherine de Medici

What was the point of the St. B day massacre

The logic was to kill Henry to prevent a Protestant king

When Henry gets married what is his title

Henry IV.

What dynasty does Henry IV start

This became the Bourbon dynasty in France.

Henry then converted to Catholicism because

he was getting hate and pressure so he accepted this and became Catholic.

Henry then converting to Catholicism freaked out the Huguenots because

they don’t have any a Protestant king anymore to fight for them.

Edict of Nates (Knots)

This said that the Hugenots were protected and could worship and live in France.

How did Henry IV die

A super-duper Catholic stabbed Henry in a carridge.

What is 89

LXXXIX

What is C

100

What is 150

CL

After Henry IV dies who takes over

Louis XIII (13)

Louis wanted -----------not ------------

power; responsibility

Louis XIII hired who to take over all of his responsibility

Cardinal Richealeu

What does Richealeu tell cities of Protestants to do

to take down their walls so they cant attack France then hide.

What does Richealeu tell cities of Nobles to do

to take down their walls so they cant attack France then hide.

Nobles were

rich and powerful French families EX; Kardashians

Intendant

A local govt worker that has a certain amount of power Ex; Police, tax collecter.

Richealeu then gets France involved in the ------- war

30 years war

why did Richealeu get france involved in the 30 years war

limit the Hapsburgs power

Skeptisism

The idea that nothing can be known for certain (im not sure about this one)

Who was Micheal de Montaigne (we hate him)

He was the writer that pushed the idea of the essay and He noticed that old ideas were replaced with new ones. He believed that the ideas we have now are just waiting for new ideas to take its place. Therefore nothing would be known for certain

Micheal de Montaigne believed that you should ------

get your ideas on paper but not in a whole book like 10 pages

Rene Descartes

He believes that all things that think exist. (I think therefore I am) Cogito ergo sum

Louis XIV

He was 4 years old when he took over the throne so he got a cardinal advisor named Cardinal Mazarin. Louis (14)

Cardinal Mazarin

This cardinal was the successor to Richealeu. Nobles hated him because he raised taxes and strengthened the central government. This made the Nobles upset. Adding these taxes leads to the Fronde.

The Fronde

The Fronde was a noble uprising against Cardinal Mazarin as a result of Mazarin imposing taxes onto the nobility. This was to get Mazarin out of power. The Fronde doesn’t succeed.

Why doesn't the Fronde succeed

The Nobles behind the uprising were not agreeing or on the same page. There was a lot of infighting and unorganized Mazarin did not take this lightly when the nobles attacked him so when people got caught they would be violently and publicly punished. This brought the nobles down and made them step back.

Mazarin's death

people were happy and having fun. There was no next cardinal.

Jean Baptiste Colbert

Colbert was the minister of Finance for France. He was a nerd/IB student and teaches/ influences Louis. His job is to make sure France is running correctly.

What did Jean Baptiste Colbert do

He also relied on the favorable balance of trade where you sell more than you buy. Colbert also believed that if French businesses were doing good then they could do good for France so he lowered taxes and had low-interest loans available for French business Colbert also raised a tariff on imported goods and they would have taxes on them so when people would see the expensive foreign goods and the cheap French goods they would buy the French ones.

War of the Spanish Succession

It was the longest, largest and the last of Louis XIV wars.

Charles II

Charles II of Spain dies and has no heir. He had no heir because he was inbreed on purpose. Charles also is sterile and can't have kids. Since Charles doesn't have a child he can name anyone to be his king.

Who does Charles take as his heir

Phillip of Anjou, Louis XIV grandson

Why was Charles taking Phillip as his heir not good

This is not good for Spain or any other countries because there are now 2 French people controlling the 2 biggest countries in Europe

The Grand Alliance

was formed with other countries to prevent the 2 thrones coming together. The result of this war against the Alliance and Louis XIV was a draw.

They then make the Treaty of Utrecht. The 2 things the treaty said were that

Spain had to give Britain Gibraltar The Spanish and the French thrones could never combine and become 1 throne but the bourbons could still stay on the throne in France and Spain.

Serfs

This was the lowest class which worked for a noble and were very poor so they needed shelter and food in exchange for labor.

West Serfs vs. Central Serfs

The western European serfs were free once their debt with their noble was gone and some places had laws to stop the use of serfs. The opposite of this was happening in Central Europe.

Charles IV

He is the Austrian Hapsburg king and gets land from Hungary, Italy, Germany, and Croatia. These were very diverse countries because of their language and religion. This made keeping the countries together harder.

Did Charles IV have a son or daughter

Maria Theresa - This was Charles VI’s daughter.

What did Charles IV do so his daughter can rule

So Charles VI then went to all the territories he owned and made the local leaders take an oath that they will recognize Maria Theresa as their ruler after he dies.

Maria Theresa

She then becomes the Austrian Queen and has a rivalry with Prussia.

Who is the ruling family of Prussia and where is Prussia

The Hohenzollern family is the ruling family of Prussia. Prussia is where modern day Germany is.

Frederick William “Great Elector”

He was the most important ruler to the Prussian empire. He believed that the key to a safe, strong , secure empire was the army. He spends a lot of resources and money on Prussia’s army

For Frederick William to get money for the army what does he do

he calls a meeting with the nobles to tell them that having this army will make them safer and he also said great armies need great officers and said the great officers would be the nobles. The nobles loved this idea.

Frederick the Great

He was the son of Frederick William and was not a strong military guy and loved the theater and arts.

What did Frederick William do to make his son stronger

one day Frederick II was caught out with his friend and his father charged him with kidnapping so he could teach Frederick II a lesson and beheaded him in front of his son so he would become angry and more of a military guy. It works.

Austria vs. Prussia

They fought over the land of Silesia and this was the War of Austrian Succession. This was called this because it is the 1st war after Maria Theresa succeeds the throne. They fought over this for iron ore, agricultural products, and cotton.

What does Theresa do to get help

she goes down to Hungary anyway and brings her child. She then manipulates the Hungarian King to help her with her baby boy.

Who does Prussia align with

France