Chapter 8: Memory

Solomon Shereshevskii

________ was a Russian journalist and only had to listen to people and didnt need to write notes down.

Emotion

________- triggered hormonal changes help explain why we long remember exciting or shocking events.

George Speling

________ conducted an experiment, giving participants a glimpse of 9 letters and then responded in a high, medium, or low tone right after showing the letters.

Adequate sleep

________ is a safe and free memory enhancer.

Alan Baddeley

________ and others elaborated on Atkinson and Shiffrins initial view of short- term memory as a small, brief storage space for recent thoughts and experience.

information processing model

A(n) ________ likens human memory to computer operations.

Retrieval

________: the process of getting information out of memory storage.

Recognition

________: a measure of memory in which the person identifies items previously learned, as on a multiple- choice test.

basal ganglia

The ________ is a deep brain structures involved in motor movement,

Shallow Processing

________: encodes on an elementary level, such as a words letters or, at a more intermediate level, a words sound.

Emotional events

________ produce tunnel vision memory.

hippocampus

The ________ is one of the last brain structures to mature, and as it does, more gets retained The Amygdala, Emotions, and Memory.

Alzheimers

________ disease begins as difficulty remembering new information and progresses into an inability to do everyday tasks.

Memory

________: the persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information.

Richard Atkinson

________ and Richard Shiffrin proposed a three- stage model to explain memory- forming process.

Hierarchies

________: occurs when people have expertise in an area and process information into both chunks and ________ made of several broad concepts that are then divided into smaller concepts.

cerebellum

The ________ plays a key role in forming and storing the implicit memories.

specificity principle

The encoding ________ helps us understand how cues specific to an event or person will most effectively trigger that memory.

response speed

Our ________ when recalling or recognizing information indicates memory strength, as does our speed at relearning.

Automatic Processing

________: unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well- learned information, such as word meanings.

George Miller

________ proposed that we can store around 7 pieces of information in short- term memory.

Explicit Memory

________: retention of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare ..

Implicit Memory

________: retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection.

Emotional arousal

________ can sear certain events into the brain, while disrupting memory for irrelevant events.

Recall

________: retrieving information that is not currently in your conscious awareness but that was learned at an earlier time.

Young adults

________ have a bigger mental capacity than children and older adults.

Cognitive neuroscientist

________ found that the hippocampus is similar to a "save "button for explicit memories.

memoryless memory

Priming is often "________- "invisible memory, without your conscious awareness.

Millers

________ magical number seven in psychologys contribution to the list of seven magical sevens.

Deep Processing

________: encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield the best retention.

Long Term Potentiation

________ (LTP): an increase in a cells firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation; a neural basis for learning and memory.

Hippocampus

________: a neural center located in the limbic system; helps process.

Mnemonics

________: memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices.

Recognition

________: identifying items previously learned.

Emotions

________ trigger stress hormones that influence memory formation.

Memory

________ is learning that persists over time; it is information that has been acquired and stored and can be retrieved.

Specificity Principle

Encoding ________: the idea that cues and contexts specific to a particular memory will be most effective in helping us recall it State- Dependent Memory.

Hippocampus

________ and frontal lobes are processing sites for your explicit memories.