World History Unit 1.2

Abbasid Caliphate

had a golden age for Islam & helped establish Silk Road trade and Trans-Saharan Trade

Baghdad

a world center for learning, capital of the abbasid empire

sunni and shia

the two branches Islam split into, based on who would be Muhammad's successor

Islam Golden Age

Islam scholars followed Muhammad's quest for knowledge, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi was a scholar who helped with advances in mathematics, 'A'ishah al Ba'uniyyah helped with advances in literature, also advances in medicine contributed to the Golden Age

Sufism

the study of the Quaran to find truths they couldn't through learning, believed they would get closer to God with prayer, fasting, and simplicity

How were merchants viewed in Islam?

more prestigious than Europe or Asia, helped fuel vast trade between and across the Arab world which caused great wealth

slavery of Muslims

Muslims couldn't enslave other Muslims, but slavery of others conquered was allowed, caused conquered people to convert to Islam

women's rights in Islam

Muslim women generally had more rights than Christian or Jewish women, partly because they were in a golden age

córdoba

part of the umayyad dynasty in Spain, remained under Muslim rule and was a melting pot of Christian, Jewish, and Muslim culture at Al-Andalus

Mamluk Sultanate

from Egypt, rose up and took over the Abbasid Caliphate, political unit that was established by the Mamluks

Challenges in Islam

Seljuk Turks from Central Asia challenge Abbasid rule, Crusaders from Europe arrive to take control of Jerusalem from Muslims, Mongols threaten from Central Asia

House of Wisdom

in Baghdad, Muslim scholars excelled in literature, math, and science, translated works from Greek, studied math from India, learned paper making from China**

Islamic knowledge spread

laid the groundwork for the Renaissance and Scientific revolution by sharing their knowledge to the Europeans

Sultan

the ruler of a Muslim country

Mongols

largest land-based empire in history that ended Seljuk rule, stopped in Egypt by the Mamluks

Muhammad

Arab prophet who founded Islam